 Summary Information
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Location: 12p12.1
Aliases: Ki-ras, KRAS
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| Gene Database Entries for KRAS2
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OMIM
GeneCard (Weizmann Institute)
Tumor Gene Database
Swiss-Prot
Locus Link
UniGene
GenAtlas
GDB
Nomenclature (search for KRAS2)
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| Other Related Resources
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 Colorectal Cancer Resources
- Search Medline for related articles (PubMed)
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- Medline Search: cancer AND gene AND (KRAS2[TI] OR Ki-ras[TI] OR KRAS[TI]) (PubMed)
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| KRAS and Ovarian Cancer
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Cuatrecasas M, et al. K-ras mutations in nonmucinous ovarian epithelial tumors: a molecular analysis and clinicopathologic study of 144 patients. Cancer 1998; 82(6):1088-95 Related articles (PubMed)
Enomoto T, et al. K-ras activation occurs frequently in mucinous adenocarcinomas Am J Pathol 1991; 139(4):777-85 Related articles (PubMed)
Chenevix-Trench G, et al. Analysis of loss of heterozygosity and KRAS2 mutations in ovarian neoplasms: clinicopathological correlations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1997; 18(2):75-83 Related articles (PubMed)
Medline Search: ovarian cancer AND (KRAS OR K-RAS) (PubMed)
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Ovarian Ca. Genetics
Ovarian Ca. : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| KRAS and Lung Cancer
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In a prospective study of 365 patients NSCLC (Nelson , 1999) KRAS mutations were seen in 22% of adenocarcinomas and 5% of non-adenocarcinomas. Those with KRAS mutations had a significantly worse prognosis, including those with low stage disease. Women
had a significantly higher rate of KRAS mutations and were more likely to have mutations in codon 12. All of the KRAS mutations occurred in smokers. These results support the findings of other smaller/retrospective studies which suggested KRAS mutation
confers an adverse prognosis.
Nelson HH, et al. Implications and Prognostic Value of K-ras Mutation for Early-Stage Lung Cancer in Women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91(23):2032-8 Related articles
Huncharek M, et al. K-ras oncogene mutation as a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer: a combined analysis of 881 cases. [Meta-Analysis] Carcinogenesis 1999; 20(8):1507-10 Related articles (PubMed)
Fukuyama Y, et al. K-ras and p53 mutations are an independent unfavourable prognostic indicator in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 1997; 75(8):1125-30 Related articles (PubMed)
Medline Search: lung cancer[TI] AND (k-ras OR kras OR kras2) (PubMed)
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Lung Cancer Genetics
Lung Cancer : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| KRAS and Pancreatic Cancer
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Medline Search: pancreatic cancer AND (k-ras OR kras OR kras2) (PubMed)
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Pancreatic Cancer Genetics
Pancreatic Cancer : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| Organochlorine Compounds and KRAS Mutations
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Porta M, et al. Serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds and K-ras mutations in exocrine pancreatic cancer. PANKRAS II Study Group. Lancet 1999; 354(9196):2125-9 Related articles (PubMed)
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Pancreatic Cancer : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer
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Tortola S, et al. p53 and K-ras gene mutations correlate with tumor aggressiveness but are not of routine prognostic value in colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17(5):1375-81 Related articles (PubMed)
Andreyev HJ, et al. Kirsten ras mutations in patients with colorectal cancer: the multicenter "RASCAL" study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998 May 6;90(9):675-84 Related articles (PubMed)
Cerottini JP, et al. The type of K-ras mutation determines prognosis in colorectal cancer. Am J Surg 1998; 175(3):198-202 Related articles (PubMed)
Toyota M, et al. Distinct genetic profiles in colorectal tumors with or without the CpG island methylator phenotype Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000; 97(2): 710-5
Medline Search: colorectal cancer AND (k-ras OR kras OR kras2) (PubMed)
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ColoRectal Cancers : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Screening
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Standard faecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer has the benefit of being non-invasive, however, there are problems with sensitivity (tumours may bleed intermittently or not at all) and specificity. Since DNA is continuously released into the
faecal stream there is potential for developing new screening tests to detect mutations in tumour DNA. KRAS mutations in tumours can be detected in stools some patients with colorectal cancer. Detection of KRAS mutations alone may be limited as theses
occur in less than half of all colorectal cancers and may occur in pancreatic hyperplasia and other non-malignant conditions. However, research into developing tests for multiple DNA alterations, including KRAS, may offer great potential for new
non-invasive screening for colorectal cancer with high levels of sensitivity and specificity.
Kopreski MS, et al. Somatic mutation screening: identification of individuals harboring K-ras mutations with the use of plasma DNA. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000 Jun 7;92(11):918-23 Related articles (PubMed)
Villa E, et al. Identification of subjects at risk for colorectal carcinoma through a test based on K-ras determination in the stool. Gastroenterology 1996 May;110(5):1346-53 Related articles (PubMed)
Sidransky D, et al. Identification of ras oncogene mutations in the stool of patients with curable colorectal tumors. Science 1992 Apr 3;256(5053):102-5 Related articles (PubMed)
Medline Search: colorectal cancer AND screening AND (k-ras OR kras OR kras2) (PubMed)
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- DNA Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening
ColoRectal Cancers Genetics
ColoRectal Cancers : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| KRAS Mutations in Endometrial Cancer
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Ikeda T, et al. Anticorresponding mutations of the KRAS and PTEN genes in human endometrial cancer. Oncol Rep 2000 May-Jun;7(3):567-70 Related articles (PubMed)
Mutter GL, et al. K-ras mutations appear in the premalignant phase of both microsatellite stable and unstable endometrial carcinogenesis. Mol Pathol 1999;52(5):257-62 Related articles (PubMed)
Lax SF, et al. The frequency of p53, K-ras mutations, and microsatellite instability differs in uterine endometrioid and serous carcinoma: evidence of distinct molecular genetic pathways. Cancer 2000 Feb 15;88(4):814-24 Related articles (PubMed)
Semczuk A, et al. K-ras gene point mutations in human endometrial carcinomas: correlation with clinicopathological features and patients' outcome. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1998;124(12):695-700 Related articles (PubMed)
Medline Search: endometrial AND (kras OR k-ras) (PubMed)
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Uterus / Endometrium Ca. Genetics
Uterus / Endometrium Ca. : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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