Colorectal (Bowel) Cancer
Colorectal cancer (or bowel cancer) is one of the most common types of cancer in both men and women. Approximately four fifths of these cancers are found in the colon (large intestine), and one fifth in the rectum. Prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer is important. Some of most common symptoms include a change in bowel habit (eg. constipation, and bleeding), mucus discharge, and discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen. The vast majority of colon and rectum cancers are adenocarcinomas, around 10% of these are mucinous (protein contained in mucus). The median age at diagnosis is 70, age adjusted incidence rates are slightly higher in males compared to females. A substantial proportion of cases are in those with a genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer. Diet may also have an influence on the incidence of colorectal cancer, diatry fibre, retinoids, and calcium are thought to be protective, while high intake of animal fats may increases risk. Colorectal cancer may develop from benign polyps (a polyp is a tumour on a stem most commonly found on mucous membranes). World-wide about 782,000 people are diagnosed with colorectal cancer each year.
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Information for Patients and the Public Information for Health Professionals / Researchers Latest Research Publications Herdiatry Colorectal Cancers
Screening for Colorectal (Bowel) Cancer Prevention of Colorectal (Bowel) CancerInformation Patients and the Public (17 links)
National Cancer Institute
PDQ summaries are written and frequently updated by editorial boards of experts Further info.
National Cancer InstitutePDQ summaries are written and frequently updated by editorial boards of experts Further info.
Bowel cancer (colorectal cancer)
Cancer Research UKCancerHelp information is examined by both expert and lay reviewers. Content is reviewed every 12 to 18 months. Further info.
Cancer Research UKCancerHelp information is examined by both expert and lay reviewers. Content is reviewed every 12 to 18 months. Further info.
Statistics for the UK, including incidence, mortality, survival, risk factors and stats related to treatment and symptom relief.
What You Need to Know About Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
National Cancer InstituteBooklets written in simple language, which are regularly reviewed and updated Further info.
This site contains information about the disease, diagnosis, staging, and treatment options.
Bowel cancer explained - symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Macmillan Cancer Support
Video: Consultant Clinical Oncologist Amen Sibtain explains bowel cancer, which includes colon and rectal cancer. He gives an overview of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of bowel cancer.
Association for International Cancer Research
A UK charity which aims to save lives by raising awareness of bowel cancer, campaigning for best treatment and care and providing practical support and advice.
Cancer Advances In Focus: Colorectal Cancer
National Cancer Institute
A factsheet about colorectal cancer in the past, today, and how current research may change treatment and prevention in the future.
Colon Cancer (Colorectal Cancer)
Medicine.net.com
The Alliance was founded in 1998 by patients, survivors, cargivers and others whose lives have been toched by colorectal cancer. It provides information, support, advocacy, on-line chat and a toll free Helpline.
COLON Colorectal Cancer Discussion List
ACOR
A discussion and support list sponsored by the Association of Cancer Online Resources
Colonoscopy Video Tour: Discovery of a Cancerous Polyp (Colon Cancer)
New York University Langone Medical Center
Mark Pochapin MD, narrates a tour of a patient's colon during a colonoscopy where he discovers a cancerous polyp (colon cancer). The patient did not have any abdominal or rectal pain, or any other symptoms associated with colorectal cancer. However, prior to this colonoscopy the patient was diagnosed with anemia due the slow bleeding of this polyp in her colon.
The Royal Marsden
Summary of colorectal cancer, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.
The Colostomy Association is a UK registered charity representing the interests of people with a colostomy. The Website includes a range of information about colostomy and living with a colostomy.
A non-profit organization working to remove barriers to screening and to increase participation in recommended screenings for colorectal cancer and to improve screening rates.
Spot bowel cancer early
Cancer Research UK
Dr Sarah Jarvis describes the signs and symptoms of bowel cancer (2012).
Information for Health Professionals / Researchers (12 links)
- PubMed search for publications about Colorectal Cancer - Limit search to: [Reviews]
PubMed Central search for free-access publications about Colorectal Cancer
MeSH term: Colorectal Neoplasms US National Library of MedicinePubMed has over 22 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Constantly updated.
Colon Cancer Treatment - Information for Health Professionals
National Cancer InstitutePDQ summaries are written and frequently updated by editorial boards of experts Further info.
National Cancer InstitutePDQ summaries are written and frequently updated by editorial boards of experts Further info.
Cancer Research UKCancerHelp information is examined by both expert and lay reviewers. Content is reviewed every 12 to 18 months. Further info.
Statistics for the UK, including incidence, mortality, survival, risk factors and stats related to treatment and symptom relief.
NHS EvidenceContent is regularly updated from selected sources. The site has input from an Editorial Board and Specialist Reference Groups. Further info.
Patient UKPatientUK content is peer reviewed. Content is reviewed by a team led by a Clinical Editor to reflect new or updated guidance and publications. Further info.
American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons
A professional society representing board certified Colon and Rectal surgeons. The site contains a section on patient information including pages on colorectal cancer, colonoscopy and polyps.
Oncolex - Oslo University Hospital (Norway) and MD Andersen (USA)
Detailed reference article covering etiology, histology, staging, metastatic patterns, symptoms, differential diagnoses, prognosis, treatment and follow-up.
Co-Recto - Español - Translate to English
Comité Interdisciplinario y Cooperativo para el manejo de los pacientes con Cáncer de Recto
Colorectal cancer - clinical pathways
National Institute for Clinical Excellence
Interactive pathway linked to guidelines and evidence.
Physician Module 3: Tumour Invasion
NHS / ASKVisualScience
Animation covering tumour invasion and staging.
SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Colon and Rectum
SEER, National Cancer Institute
Overview and specific fact sheets on incidence and mortality, survival and stage,
lifetime risk, and prevalence.
Herdiatry Colorectal Cancers (5 links)
Between 15-20% of all colorectal cancers are thought to be familial. Some types of colon cancers and pre-disposing conditions are known to have an inherited element, in particular, Lynch Syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer, HNPCC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).Newcastle University
A study recruit people with Lynch Syndrome to test different doses of aspirin to reduce the risk of colon cancer.
Hereditary Cancer Registry - NSW
Cancer Institute NSW
A screening reminder service established in 1990 to provide information and support to people affected by hereditary cancer, their family members, and their doctors in NSW and the ACT.
Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Registry
Johns Hopkins Colon Cancer Center
International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours
InSiGHT
InSiGHT is an international multidisciplinary, scientific organisation. Itaims to improve care of patients and their families with any condition resulting in hereditary gastrointestinal tumours by fostering research and educating health professionals.
Introduction to Hereditary Colorectal Cancer
Johns Hopkins Colon Cancer Center
Introduces hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, with specific sections on Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), APC I1307K gene mutation, Kid's FAP, and Hyperplastic Polyposis.
Gene and Chromosome Abnormalities (Cancer GeneWeb)Latest Research Publications
This list of publications is regularly updated (Source: PubMed).
Uhr A, Singh AP, Munoz J, et al.
Colonic Schwannoma: A Case Study and Literature Review of a Rare Entity and Diagnostic Dilemma.
Am Surg. 2016; 82(12):1183-1186 [PubMed] Related Publications
Colonic Schwannoma: A Case Study and Literature Review of a Rare Entity and Diagnostic Dilemma.
Am Surg. 2016; 82(12):1183-1186 [PubMed] Related Publications
An asymptomatic 73-year-old woman was found to have a submucosal mass in the descending colon on routine colonoscopy. A CT scan revealed a 31 × 28 × 31 mm lesion in the same location. Previous biopsy proved to be nondiagnostic, and the patient underwent a laparoscopic descending colon resection. Histologic evaluation of the tumor revealed a low grade spindle cell neoplasm with strong, diffuse positivity for S-100 protein by immunohistochemistry, leading to the diagnosis of schwannoma. A review of the literature revealed intestinal schwannoma to be a rare disease entity, with only about 50 cases previously reported.
Hong KD, Um JW, Min BW, et al.
Lymph Node Micrometastasis Cannot Be Considered as Positive Lymph Node in Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer.
Am Surg. 2017; 83(2):127-133 [PubMed] Related Publications
Lymph Node Micrometastasis Cannot Be Considered as Positive Lymph Node in Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer.
Am Surg. 2017; 83(2):127-133 [PubMed] Related Publications
The prognostic value of micrometastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. The study investigated whether lymph node (LN) micrometastasis can have prognostic value in CRC as compared with macrometastasis. The study included 488 patients with curatively resected stage I, II, or III CRC treated between 2004 and 2011. Immuohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody CAM 5.2 was performed on negative LNs by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The prognostic value of LN micrometastasis was investigated in multivariate analysis. Regression analysis was performed to identify a causal relationship between micro- and macrometastasis. Survival differences were compared between conventional N staging and hypothetic N staging taking micrometastasis in the positive node. A total of 93 patients (19.1%) showed LN micrometastasis. Patients with micrometastasis had more advanced tumor characteristics in terms of tumor size, grade, T stage, N stage, lymphatic invasion, and vascular invasion. In multivariate analysis, micrometastasis was not related with recurrence. Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level, neural invasion, and macrometastasis were independent risk factors in the analysis. Regression analysis showed that there was not a causal relationship between micro- and macrometastasis (R2 = 0.004, P = 0.153). When the cumulative numbers of micro- and macrometastatic LNs were calculated together, the discriminative power of survival difference between each node stage became less prominent, compared with conventional N staging. LN micrometastasis is related with advanced tumor characteristics, but does not reflect poor prognosis in nonmetastatic CRC. Micrometastasis cannot be considered as positive LN to predict poor prognosis.
Liu Y, Zuo T, Zhu X, et al.
Differential expression of hENT1 and hENT2 in colon cancer cell lines.
Genet Mol Res. 2017; 16(1) [PubMed] Related Publications
Differential expression of hENT1 and hENT2 in colon cancer cell lines.
Genet Mol Res. 2017; 16(1) [PubMed] Related Publications
Human equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT) 1 and 2, encoded by SLC29A1 and SLC29A2, permit the bidirectional passage of nucleoside analogues into cells and may correlate with clinical responses to chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression profiles of SLC29A1 and SLC29A2 in human cancer cell lines. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we comprehensively profiled the transcription levels of SLC29A1 and SLC29A2 in 16 colon cancer cell lines. We validated the ubiquitous and heterogeneous distribution of SLC29A1 and SLC29A2 in human colon cancer cell lines and demonstrated that SLC29A1 was highly expressed in 25% of metastatic cell lines (Colo201 and Colo205) and 62.5% of primary cell lines (Caco2, Colo320, HCT116, RKO, and SW48). For the first time, we showed that both SLC29A1 and SLC29A2 were expressed at lower levels in colon cancer cell lines originating from metastatic sites than from primary sites. These findings indicate that most patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) may have low hENT1 expression, and treatment with nucleoside analogues may be inefficient. However, some patients still show high hENT1 expression and have a high probability of benefiting from these drugs. Therefore, evaluating transporter expression profiles and different drug responses between primary and metastatic tumors in patients with mCRC is important. Further assessment of the association between hENTs and drug-based treatment of mCRC is required to elucidate the mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance.
Zekri J, Al-Shehri A, Mahrous M, et al.
Mutations in codons 12 and 13 of K-ras exon 2 in colorectal tumors of Saudi Arabian patients: frequency, clincopathological associations, and clinical outcomes.
Genet Mol Res. 2017; 16(1) [PubMed] Related Publications
Mutations in codons 12 and 13 of K-ras exon 2 in colorectal tumors of Saudi Arabian patients: frequency, clincopathological associations, and clinical outcomes.
Genet Mol Res. 2017; 16(1) [PubMed] Related Publications
Mutations in codons 12/13 of K-ras exon 2 are associated with reduced benefit from anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we evaluated the frequency of K-ras mutations and their relationship with clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in Saudi Arabian patients with CRC. The genetic status of K-ras was determined in 300 patients diagnosed with CRC. Clinical information was collected retrospectively. K-ras was wild-type in 58% and mutated in 42% of the tumors. Most mutations were at codon 12 (89%) and were associated with metastasis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.38 (95%CI = 1.14-1.67] and occurrence of >40 µg/L carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [OR = 1.33 (1.1-1.74)] during diagnosis. Patients in stages I-III of the disease with wild-type K-ras tumors had a median relapse free survival (RFS) of 29 months in contrast to 22 months for those with the mutated K-ras tumor (P = 0.0357). In multivariate analysis, only the stage of the disease significantly predicted RFS (P = 0.001). Patients in stage IV of CRC with the wild-type K-ras tumor did not reach the median overall survival (OS), whereas patients with the mutated K-ras tumor survived for 23.5 months (P = 0.044). CEA level >40 µg/L (P = 0.004) and status of K-ras (P = 0.044) were independent predictors of OS. This is the largest study investigating K-ras mutations in patients with CRC in the Middle East. Mutations were associated with advanced stage of CRC, higher serum CEA, shorter RFS and OS.
Related: 
KRAS
KRAS
Xiu DH, Chen Y, Liu L, et al.
Tumor-suppressive role of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) in colorectal cancer.
Genet Mol Res. 2017; 16(1) [PubMed] Related Publications
Tumor-suppressive role of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) in colorectal cancer.
Genet Mol Res. 2017; 16(1) [PubMed] Related Publications
Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a group of transcriptional regulators that have recently been identified to exhibit tumor-suppressive function against various gastrointestinal cancers. The present study aims to investigate the expression patterns and prognostic value of KLF-4 in colorectal cancers (CRCs). KLF-4 levels in CRC tissues were examined via immunohistochemistry analysis, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. The chi-square test was performed to evaluate the correlation between KLF-4 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of KLF-4 in CRC patients. In addition, we evaluated the effect of KLF-4 knockdown on the proliferation of CRC HT-29 cells. Our results showed significant downregulation of KLF-4 in 31 CRC samples, collected from CRC patients showing more malignant characteristics such as lymphatic metastasis, low tumor cell differentiation, and tumor recurrence. CRC patients in the low KLF-4 group were found to have reduced overall survival and decreased disease-free survival time. Moreover, HT-29 cells transfected with siRNA-KLF-4 showed increased proliferation compared to those transfected with control siRNA. In summary, lower KLF-4 expression was correlated with malignant CRC status and poor prognosis in CRC patients. Moreover, KLF-4 suppression promoted the proliferation of CRC cells in vitro. These results provide novel insights into the tumor suppressive role of KLF-4 in CRC.
Turza KC, Brien T, Porbunderwala S, et al.
The Ferguson Operating Anoscope for Resection of T1 Rectal Cancer.
Am Surg. 2016; 82(11):1105-1108 [PubMed] Related Publications
The Ferguson Operating Anoscope for Resection of T1 Rectal Cancer.
Am Surg. 2016; 82(11):1105-1108 [PubMed] Related Publications
The Ferguson Operating Anoscope (FOA) is a surgical instrument, which can facilitate transanal excision of appropriate rectal tumors within 15 cm of the anal verge. Previous work showed low recurrence (4.3%) for favorable T1 tumors (no lymphovascular invasion, well/moderate differentiation, negative margins). This follow-up study evaluates outcomes in rectal cancer excised with FOA at a tertiary care center. T1 rectal cancer patients were identified in a prospectively maintained database. Tumor pathology and patient characteristics were reviewed. Primary outcomes include tumor recurrence and patient and disease-free survival. Secondary outcomes are quality of excision (intact specimen). Twenty-eight patients had pathologic stage T1 rectal cancer (average 8 ± 2.6 cm from the anal verge). Final path demonstrated 14 per cent to be well differentiated, 82 per cent moderately differentiated, and 93 per cent without angiolymphatic invasion. All specimens removed were intact. One patient had a true local recurrence and underwent a salvage operation 24 months after her index operation. Patient survival was 96.4 per cent (n = one death from primary lung cancer) at median follow-up 64 ± 35 months. With appropriate tumor selection and quality of initial resection, FOA has demonstrated utility in achieving optimal oncologic resection of T1 rectal tumors.
Gabriel E, Thirunavukarasu P, Al-Sukhni E, et al.
National Disparities in Surgical Approach to T1 Rectal Cancer and Impact on Outcomes.
Am Surg. 2016; 82(11):1080-1091 [PubMed] Related Publications
National Disparities in Surgical Approach to T1 Rectal Cancer and Impact on Outcomes.
Am Surg. 2016; 82(11):1080-1091 [PubMed] Related Publications
This study investigated disparities between patients who had local excision versus radical resection for T1 rectal cancer. A retrospective analysis was performed using the National Cancer Data Base, 2004 to 2011. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with T1, N0 rectal adenocarcinoma that were <3 cm, well or moderately differentiated without perineural invasion. Patients were stratified based on local excision and radical surgery. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality, unplanned readmission rates, and postoperative length of stay. A total of 2235 patients were identified; 1335 (59.7%) underwent local excision and 900 (40.3%) had radical surgery. Overall, radical surgery was associated with an improved 5-year OS rate compared to local excision (0.86 vs 0.78, P = 0.009), increased unplanned readmission (6.5% vs 2.7%, P < 0.001), and longer postoperative length of stay (6.9 days vs 3.1 days, P < 0.001). For patients who had local excision, insurance status was an independent predictor of OS. Compared to patients with private insurance, those with government plans or no insurance had poorer OS (hazard ratio = 1.77 and 17.45, respectively, P = 0.006). Further study is warranted to understand the reasons accounting for this disparity in surgical approach to T1 rectal cancer.
Related: USA
USA
Ebrom P, Parizh D, Hajdu CH, Gadangi P
Paget's disease of the anus masking a mixed adenoneuroendocrine tumour of the rectum.
BMJ Case Rep. 2017; 2017 [PubMed] Related Publications
Paget's disease of the anus masking a mixed adenoneuroendocrine tumour of the rectum.
BMJ Case Rep. 2017; 2017 [PubMed] Related Publications
A man aged 83 years with vague perirectal symptoms had a delayed diagnosis of Paget's disease of the anus. A lack of thorough digital rectal examination failed to diagnose a mixed adenonueroendocrine tumour of the rectum in a timely matter.
Related: Anal Cancer
Anal Cancer
Ghanbari R, Rezasoltani S, Hashemi J, et al.
Expression Analysis of Previously Verified Fecal and Plasma Dow-regulated MicroRNAs (miR-4478, 1295-3p, 142-3p and 26a-5p), in FFPE Tissue Samples of CRC Patients.
Arch Iran Med. 2017; 20(2):92-95 [PubMed] Related Publications
Expression Analysis of Previously Verified Fecal and Plasma Dow-regulated MicroRNAs (miR-4478, 1295-3p, 142-3p and 26a-5p), in FFPE Tissue Samples of CRC Patients.
Arch Iran Med. 2017; 20(2):92-95 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis of this neoplasm is critical and may reduce patients' mortality. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules whose expression pattern can be altered in various diseases such as CRC.
METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the expression levels of miR-142-3p, miR-26a-5p (their reduced expression in plasma samples of CRC patients was previously confirmed), miR-4478 and miR-1295-3p (their reduced expression in stool samples of CRC patients was previously confirmed) in tissue samples of CRC patients in comparison to healthy subjects. To achieve this purpose, total RNA including small RNA was extracted from 53 CRC and 35 normal subjects' Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples using the miRNeasy FFPE Mini Kit. The expression levels of these four selected miRNAs were measured using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR).
RESULTS: We found that the expression levels of miR-4478 and miR-1295b-3p (two previously down-regulated fecal miRNAs) were significantly decreased in FFPE samples of CRC patients compared to healthy controls. On the other hand, no significant differences were seen in expression levels of miR-142-3p and miR-26a-5p (two previously down-regulated circulating miRNAs) in FFPE samples between these two groups.
CONCLUSION: Regarding current findings, it may be concluded that to diagnose CRC patients based on the miRNAs approach, stool samples are more likely preferable to plasma samples; nevertheless, additional studies with more samples are needed to confirm the results.
METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the expression levels of miR-142-3p, miR-26a-5p (their reduced expression in plasma samples of CRC patients was previously confirmed), miR-4478 and miR-1295-3p (their reduced expression in stool samples of CRC patients was previously confirmed) in tissue samples of CRC patients in comparison to healthy subjects. To achieve this purpose, total RNA including small RNA was extracted from 53 CRC and 35 normal subjects' Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples using the miRNeasy FFPE Mini Kit. The expression levels of these four selected miRNAs were measured using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR).
RESULTS: We found that the expression levels of miR-4478 and miR-1295b-3p (two previously down-regulated fecal miRNAs) were significantly decreased in FFPE samples of CRC patients compared to healthy controls. On the other hand, no significant differences were seen in expression levels of miR-142-3p and miR-26a-5p (two previously down-regulated circulating miRNAs) in FFPE samples between these two groups.
CONCLUSION: Regarding current findings, it may be concluded that to diagnose CRC patients based on the miRNAs approach, stool samples are more likely preferable to plasma samples; nevertheless, additional studies with more samples are needed to confirm the results.
Lee LH, Iacucci M, Fort Gasia M, et al.
Prevalence and Anatomic Distribution of Serrated and Adenomatous Lesions in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 2017:5490803 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Prevalence and Anatomic Distribution of Serrated and Adenomatous Lesions in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 2017:5490803 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Background. Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) have not been well characterized in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study assesses the prevalence and anatomic distribution of SSA/Ps, TSAs, and conventional adenomas/dysplasia (Ad/Ds) in IBD patients. Methods. IBD patients with serrated, adenomatous, or hyperplastic lesions between 2005 and 2009 were identified in the regional tertiary-care hospital database. Clinicopathological information was reviewed and the histology of biopsies was reevaluated. Results. Ninety-six Ad/Ds, 25 SSA/Ps, and 4 TSAs were identified in 83 patients. Compared to Ad/Ds, serrated lesions were more prevalent in females (p = 0.046). The prevalence of Ad/Ds was 4.95%, SSA/Ps was 1.39%, and TSAs was 0.31%. No relationship was identified between lesion type and IBD type. Comparing all IBD patients, the distribution of lesion types was significantly different (p = 0.02) with Ad/Ds more common distally, SSA/Ps more common proximally, and TSAs evenly distributed. Among Crohn's disease (CD) patients, a similar distribution difference was noted (p < 0.001). However, ulcerative colitis (UC) patients had a uniform distribution of lesion types (p = 0.320). Conclusions. IBD patients have a lower prevalence of premalignant lesions compared to the general population, and the anatomic distribution of lesions differed between CD and UC patients. These findings may indicate an interaction between lesion and IBD pathogenesis with potential clinical implications.
Liberale G, Lecocq C, Garcia C, et al.
Accuracy of FDG-PET/CT in Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Potential Tool for Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Response.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):929-934 [PubMed] Related Publications
Accuracy of FDG-PET/CT in Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Potential Tool for Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Response.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):929-934 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND/AIM: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be administered to patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal cancer (CRC) origin. This study evaluated the performance of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) in detection of PC from CRC and correlated the most metabolically active quadrant with the most affected peritoneal area determined during surgery.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study compared the performance of FDG-PET/CT for PC diagnosis in 26 patients with CRC with histopathologically-confirmed PC with a control group of 26 patients. An FDG-PET/CT score established for each patient diagnosed with PC was compared with the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) performed during surgery.
RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET/CT for PC detection were 85% (22/26) and 88% (23/26), respectively. The most scored quadrant by FDG-PET/CT corresponded to the most scored quadrant at surgery in 77.3%.
CONCLUSION: FDG-PET/CT may represent a useful tool for evaluating response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with PC of CRC origin.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study compared the performance of FDG-PET/CT for PC diagnosis in 26 patients with CRC with histopathologically-confirmed PC with a control group of 26 patients. An FDG-PET/CT score established for each patient diagnosed with PC was compared with the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) performed during surgery.
RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET/CT for PC detection were 85% (22/26) and 88% (23/26), respectively. The most scored quadrant by FDG-PET/CT corresponded to the most scored quadrant at surgery in 77.3%.
CONCLUSION: FDG-PET/CT may represent a useful tool for evaluating response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with PC of CRC origin.
Ha GS, Kim YW, Choi EH, Kim IY
Factors Associated with the Lack of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Following Curative Surgery for Stage II and III Colon Cancer: A Korean National Cohort Study.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):915-922 [PubMed] Related Publications
Factors Associated with the Lack of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Following Curative Surgery for Stage II and III Colon Cancer: A Korean National Cohort Study.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):915-922 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: To evaluate factors associated with the lack of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative surgery in patients with stage II and III colon cancer based on national population-based data.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 8,412 patients diagnosed with stage II or III disease who underwent curative resection were included.
RESULTS: Adjuvant chemotherapy was not administered in 3,057 cases (36.34%). Factors associated with the lack of chemotherapy were older age [hazard ratio (HR)=1.50 in patients 65-74 years and 5.23 in patients ≥75 years of age], female sex (HR=1.15), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage II (HR=4.28), emergency surgery (HR=1.45), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of 3 or higher (HR=1.62), fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined (HR=1.19), a greater quantity of transfusion (HR=1.08), and hospital type (tertiary referral center) (HR=1.62).
CONCLUSION: Patient-related (older age, female sex, and ASA score of 3 or higher) and treatment-related factors (TNM stage II, emergency surgery, fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined, a greater quantity of transfusion, and hospital type) influenced the lack of adjuvant chemotherapy. Given that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy improves overall survival, physicians should make an effort to increase the proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy after surgery.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 8,412 patients diagnosed with stage II or III disease who underwent curative resection were included.
RESULTS: Adjuvant chemotherapy was not administered in 3,057 cases (36.34%). Factors associated with the lack of chemotherapy were older age [hazard ratio (HR)=1.50 in patients 65-74 years and 5.23 in patients ≥75 years of age], female sex (HR=1.15), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage II (HR=4.28), emergency surgery (HR=1.45), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of 3 or higher (HR=1.62), fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined (HR=1.19), a greater quantity of transfusion (HR=1.08), and hospital type (tertiary referral center) (HR=1.62).
CONCLUSION: Patient-related (older age, female sex, and ASA score of 3 or higher) and treatment-related factors (TNM stage II, emergency surgery, fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined, a greater quantity of transfusion, and hospital type) influenced the lack of adjuvant chemotherapy. Given that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy improves overall survival, physicians should make an effort to increase the proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy after surgery.
Kaneko M, Ishihara S, Murono K, et al.
Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Predicts Synchronous Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):865-870 [PubMed] Related Publications
Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Predicts Synchronous Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):865-870 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) has the worst prognosis among all types of metastases, but is difficult to diagnose. This study investigated whether preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 level can predict synchronous PC in patients with primary CRC.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cases of 395 CRC patients who underwent primary lesion resection were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors were evaluated by uni- and multivariate analyses from clinicopathological data.
RESULTS: In the univariate analysis, tumor invasion (p<0.001), lymph node and hematogenous metastases (p=0.037 and p<0.001, respectively), and elevated preoperative serum CA19-9 level (p<0.001) were associated with synchronous PC, and multiple regression analysis revealed that an elevated preoperative serum CA19-9 level was an independent risk factor for PC (odds ratio=5.03, 95% confidence interval=1.29-19.60, p=0.020).
CONCLUSION: Elevated preoperative serum CA 19-9 level may be useful in predicting synchronous PC in patients with CRC.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cases of 395 CRC patients who underwent primary lesion resection were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors were evaluated by uni- and multivariate analyses from clinicopathological data.
RESULTS: In the univariate analysis, tumor invasion (p<0.001), lymph node and hematogenous metastases (p=0.037 and p<0.001, respectively), and elevated preoperative serum CA19-9 level (p<0.001) were associated with synchronous PC, and multiple regression analysis revealed that an elevated preoperative serum CA19-9 level was an independent risk factor for PC (odds ratio=5.03, 95% confidence interval=1.29-19.60, p=0.020).
CONCLUSION: Elevated preoperative serum CA 19-9 level may be useful in predicting synchronous PC in patients with CRC.
Hagland HR, Lea D, Watson MM, Søreide K
Correlation of Blood T-Cells to Intratumoural Density and Location of CD3(+) and CD8(+) T-Cells in Colorectal Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):675-683 [PubMed] Related Publications
Correlation of Blood T-Cells to Intratumoural Density and Location of CD3(+) and CD8(+) T-Cells in Colorectal Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):675-683 [PubMed] Related Publications
AIM: To test the feasibility of conducting parallel analyses of circulating T-cells in blood and intratumoural T-cells in colorectal cancer. A pre-operative 'liquid biopsy' to determine immune status would facilitate clinical decision-making.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) were included. Blood was analyzed for T-cell type (CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+)) and count using flow cytometry. Intratumoural T-cells were stained using immunohistochemistry and quantified by digital pathology. Tumour location was defined as invasive front (IF) or tumour center (TC).
RESULTS: The number of CD3(+) and CD4(+) T-cells in pre-surgical blood samples correlated with the number of CD3(+) T-cells found in the IF (Spearman ϱ=0.558, p<0.05 and 0.598, p<0.01 respectively) and CD3(+) in the TC (ϱ=0.496, p<0.05, and ϱ=0.637, p<0.01, respectively). A strong correlation was found between CD4(+) cells in blood and CD8(+) T-cells found in the TC and IF (ϱ=0.602 and ϱ=0.591, p<0.01).
CONCLUSION: There is a correlation between blood CD3(+) and CD4(+) T-cells and the T-cells found at the TC and IF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) were included. Blood was analyzed for T-cell type (CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+)) and count using flow cytometry. Intratumoural T-cells were stained using immunohistochemistry and quantified by digital pathology. Tumour location was defined as invasive front (IF) or tumour center (TC).
RESULTS: The number of CD3(+) and CD4(+) T-cells in pre-surgical blood samples correlated with the number of CD3(+) T-cells found in the IF (Spearman ϱ=0.558, p<0.05 and 0.598, p<0.01 respectively) and CD3(+) in the TC (ϱ=0.496, p<0.05, and ϱ=0.637, p<0.01, respectively). A strong correlation was found between CD4(+) cells in blood and CD8(+) T-cells found in the TC and IF (ϱ=0.602 and ϱ=0.591, p<0.01).
CONCLUSION: There is a correlation between blood CD3(+) and CD4(+) T-cells and the T-cells found at the TC and IF.
Iwata N, Ishikawa T, Okazaki S, et al.
Clinical Significance of Methylation and Reduced Expression of the Quaking Gene in Colorectal Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):489-498 [PubMed] Related Publications
Clinical Significance of Methylation and Reduced Expression of the Quaking Gene in Colorectal Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):489-498 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: This study investigated abnormal methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the potential role of the Quaking RNA-binding protein (QKI) gene in tumorigenesis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oligonucleotide microarray expression profiling was carried out on a panel of primary CRC specimens (n=17) and CRC cell lines (n=5), followed by methylation analysis using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. QKI expression levels were assessed in 156 primary CRCs by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Low QKI expression was observed in 47.7% in CRCs. QKI promoter methylation was detected in 32.1% of patients with CRC, and in these patients mRNA expression in tumor tissue was significantly down-regulated compared to matched normal tissues (p=0.049). There was a significant relationship between low QKI expression and recurrence after surgery (p=0.004). Low QKI expression was an independent risk factor for recurrence after surgery in 153 patients with CRC without distant metastases (p=0.036).
CONCLUSION: Patients with tumors expressing low levels of QKI experienced significantly higher rates of tumor recurrence after curative surgery and worse prognoses. Methylation of the QKI promoter and concomitant reduced expression of QKI mRNA may be important for CRC initiation and progression. Loew QKI expression may be a useful clinical biomarker for predicting recurrence and prognosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oligonucleotide microarray expression profiling was carried out on a panel of primary CRC specimens (n=17) and CRC cell lines (n=5), followed by methylation analysis using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. QKI expression levels were assessed in 156 primary CRCs by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Low QKI expression was observed in 47.7% in CRCs. QKI promoter methylation was detected in 32.1% of patients with CRC, and in these patients mRNA expression in tumor tissue was significantly down-regulated compared to matched normal tissues (p=0.049). There was a significant relationship between low QKI expression and recurrence after surgery (p=0.004). Low QKI expression was an independent risk factor for recurrence after surgery in 153 patients with CRC without distant metastases (p=0.036).
CONCLUSION: Patients with tumors expressing low levels of QKI experienced significantly higher rates of tumor recurrence after curative surgery and worse prognoses. Methylation of the QKI promoter and concomitant reduced expression of QKI mRNA may be important for CRC initiation and progression. Loew QKI expression may be a useful clinical biomarker for predicting recurrence and prognosis.
Chung SS, Adekoya D, Enenmoh I, et al.
Salinomycin Abolished STAT3 and STAT1 Interactions and Reduced Telomerase Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cells.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):445-453 [PubMed] Related Publications
Salinomycin Abolished STAT3 and STAT1 Interactions and Reduced Telomerase Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cells.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):445-453 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in most developed countries. This mortality is mainly due to the metastatic progression to the liver with frequent recurrence. Colorectal cancer remains a therapeutic challenge and this has intensified the search for new drug targets. In an effort to establish a novel targeted-therapy, we studied the molecular mechanisms of cancer stem cell inhibitor salinomycin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to examine STAT3-STAT1 protein interactions. Telomerase activity was measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA assays. Apoptosis and cell stress arrays were analyzed to identify key proteins responding to salinomycin treatments.
RESULTS: IL-6 and TNF-α induced STAT3 and STAT1 interactions, however the interactions were abolished by salinomycin challenge. Salinomycin reduced cancer stem cell phenotype and decreased telomerase activity of colorectal cancer cells.
CONCLUSION: Our work uncovers a new mechanism through which salinomycin inhibits cancer stemness suggesting a novel targeted-therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to examine STAT3-STAT1 protein interactions. Telomerase activity was measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA assays. Apoptosis and cell stress arrays were analyzed to identify key proteins responding to salinomycin treatments.
RESULTS: IL-6 and TNF-α induced STAT3 and STAT1 interactions, however the interactions were abolished by salinomycin challenge. Salinomycin reduced cancer stem cell phenotype and decreased telomerase activity of colorectal cancer cells.
CONCLUSION: Our work uncovers a new mechanism through which salinomycin inhibits cancer stemness suggesting a novel targeted-therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.
Sasikumar A, Bhan C, Jenkins JT, et al.
Systematic Review of Pelvic Exenteration With En Bloc Sacrectomy for Recurrent Rectal Adenocarcinoma: R0 Resection Predicts Disease-free Survival.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):346-352 [PubMed] Related Publications
Systematic Review of Pelvic Exenteration With En Bloc Sacrectomy for Recurrent Rectal Adenocarcinoma: R0 Resection Predicts Disease-free Survival.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):346-352 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: The management of recurrent rectal cancer is challenging. At the present time, pelvic exenteration with en bloc sacrectomy offers the only hope of a lasting cure.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcome measures and complication rates following sacrectomy for recurrent rectal cancer.
DATA SOURCES: A search was conducted on Pub Med for English language articles relevant to sacrectomy for recurrent rectal cancer with no time limitations.
STUDY SELECTION: Studies reported sacrectomy with survival data for recurrent rectal adenocarcinoma.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Disease-free survival following sacrectomy for recurrent rectal cancer was the main outcome measured.
RESULTS: A total of 220 patients with recurrent rectal cancer were included from 7 studies, of which 160 were men and 60 were women. Overall median operative time was 717 (570-992) minutes and blood loss was 3.7 (1.7-6.2) L. An R0 (>1-mm resection margin) resection was achieved in 78% of patients. Disease-free survival associated with R0 resection was 55% at a median follow-up period of 33 (17-60) months; however, none of the patients with R1 (<1-mm resection margin) survived this period. Postoperative complication rates and median length of stay were found to decrease with more distal sacral transection levels. In contrast, R1 resection rates increased with more distal transection.
LIMITATION: The studies assessed by this review were retrospective case series and thus are subject to significant bias.
CONCLUSION: Sacrectomy performed for patients with recurrent rectal cancer is associated with significant postoperative morbidity. Morbidity and postoperative length of stay increase with the level of sacral transection. Nevertheless, approximately half of patients eligible for rectal excision with en bloc sacrectomy may benefit from disease-free survival for up to 33 months, with R0 resection predicting disease-free survival in the medium term.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcome measures and complication rates following sacrectomy for recurrent rectal cancer.
DATA SOURCES: A search was conducted on Pub Med for English language articles relevant to sacrectomy for recurrent rectal cancer with no time limitations.
STUDY SELECTION: Studies reported sacrectomy with survival data for recurrent rectal adenocarcinoma.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Disease-free survival following sacrectomy for recurrent rectal cancer was the main outcome measured.
RESULTS: A total of 220 patients with recurrent rectal cancer were included from 7 studies, of which 160 were men and 60 were women. Overall median operative time was 717 (570-992) minutes and blood loss was 3.7 (1.7-6.2) L. An R0 (>1-mm resection margin) resection was achieved in 78% of patients. Disease-free survival associated with R0 resection was 55% at a median follow-up period of 33 (17-60) months; however, none of the patients with R1 (<1-mm resection margin) survived this period. Postoperative complication rates and median length of stay were found to decrease with more distal sacral transection levels. In contrast, R1 resection rates increased with more distal transection.
LIMITATION: The studies assessed by this review were retrospective case series and thus are subject to significant bias.
CONCLUSION: Sacrectomy performed for patients with recurrent rectal cancer is associated with significant postoperative morbidity. Morbidity and postoperative length of stay increase with the level of sacral transection. Nevertheless, approximately half of patients eligible for rectal excision with en bloc sacrectomy may benefit from disease-free survival for up to 33 months, with R0 resection predicting disease-free survival in the medium term.
Kong JC, Guerra GR, Warrier SK, et al.
Outcome and Salvage Surgery Following "Watch and Wait" for Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Systematic Review.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):335-345 [PubMed] Related Publications
Outcome and Salvage Surgery Following "Watch and Wait" for Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Systematic Review.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):335-345 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: Currently there is no reliable test to predict pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. However, there is increasing interest in using clinical complete response as a surrogate marker, allowing a subset of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer to be allocated into a "watch and wait" pathway. Little is known about the oncological safety of the "watch and wait" approach or the rate of salvage surgery in cases of tumor regrowth. This information is critical for the implementation of this approach.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the rate of salvage surgery and associated oncological outcomes for patients who develop a tumor regrowth with the "watch and wait" approach.
DATA SOURCES: Relevant studies were identified through PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar search.
STUDY SELECTION: A systematic review was undertaken of studies assessing patients selected for the "watch and wait" approach according to PRISMA guidelines.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The associated tumor regrowth, salvage surgery, and disease-free and overall survival rates were assessed.
RESULTS: Five retrospective and 4 prospective observational studies were included into the analysis, with a total of 370 patients in the "watch and wait" group, of which 256 (69.2%) had persistent clinical complete response. Of those who had tumor regrowth, salvage surgery was possible in 83.8%. There was no difference in overall survival and disease-free survival between patients who received immediate surgery and the "watch and wait" group.
LIMITATIONS: The limitations of this study include its retrospective nature and small sample size. Furthermore, there is significant heterogeneity between study protocols, including the short median follow-up, given that tumor regrowth and distant metastasis may manifest at a later time point.
CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with tumor regrowth can be salvaged with definite surgery after "watch and wait." However, there is insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions on the oncological safety of this approach; therefore, it is currently not the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the rate of salvage surgery and associated oncological outcomes for patients who develop a tumor regrowth with the "watch and wait" approach.
DATA SOURCES: Relevant studies were identified through PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar search.
STUDY SELECTION: A systematic review was undertaken of studies assessing patients selected for the "watch and wait" approach according to PRISMA guidelines.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The associated tumor regrowth, salvage surgery, and disease-free and overall survival rates were assessed.
RESULTS: Five retrospective and 4 prospective observational studies were included into the analysis, with a total of 370 patients in the "watch and wait" group, of which 256 (69.2%) had persistent clinical complete response. Of those who had tumor regrowth, salvage surgery was possible in 83.8%. There was no difference in overall survival and disease-free survival between patients who received immediate surgery and the "watch and wait" group.
LIMITATIONS: The limitations of this study include its retrospective nature and small sample size. Furthermore, there is significant heterogeneity between study protocols, including the short median follow-up, given that tumor regrowth and distant metastasis may manifest at a later time point.
CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with tumor regrowth can be salvaged with definite surgery after "watch and wait." However, there is insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions on the oncological safety of this approach; therefore, it is currently not the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer.
Ge X, Dai X, Ding C, et al.
Early Postoperative Decrease of Serum Albumin Predicts Surgical Outcome in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Resection.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):326-334 [PubMed] Related Publications
Early Postoperative Decrease of Serum Albumin Predicts Surgical Outcome in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Resection.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):326-334 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: A simple and accurate predictor of postoperative complications is needed for early and safe discharge after surgery. A decrease in serum albumin is commonly observed early after surgery, even in patients with normal preoperative levels. However, whether it predicts patient postoperative outcome is unknown.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the reduction in serum albumin within 2 postoperative days compared with the preoperative level could serve as an independent predictor of postoperative complications after colorectal surgery.
DESIGN: This was a retrospective study from a single institution.
SETTINGS: The study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital.
PATIENTS: A total of 626 patients undergoing major colorectal surgery between December 2012 and January 2016 were eligible for this study.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for postoperative complications and to identify the factors associated with Δalbumin. Receiver operating characteristic curves were developed to examine the cutoff value of the change in albumin in predicting postoperative complications.
RESULTS: Among all of the patients, the median Δalbumin after surgery was 15%. ΔAlbumin was an independent risk factor for overall complications (p < 0.01). The cutoff value was 15%, and an increased area under the curve compared with C-reactive protein occurred on postoperative day 3 or 4. Patients with a Δalbumin ≥15% experienced more postoperative major complications, a higher comprehensive complication index, a longer postoperative stay, and increased surgical site infections (p < 0.05) than those <15%. ΔAlbumin correlated with sex, type of surgery, stoma creation, C-reactive protein on postoperative day 3 or 4, and intraoperative blood transfusion. Postoperative C-reactive protein remained independently associated with Δalbumin (p < 0.01).
LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its retrospective nature.
CONCLUSIONS: A cutoff value of a 15% reduction in serum albumin within 2 postoperative days could help to identify patients with a high probability of postoperative complications and permit safe and early discharge after colorectal surgery.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the reduction in serum albumin within 2 postoperative days compared with the preoperative level could serve as an independent predictor of postoperative complications after colorectal surgery.
DESIGN: This was a retrospective study from a single institution.
SETTINGS: The study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital.
PATIENTS: A total of 626 patients undergoing major colorectal surgery between December 2012 and January 2016 were eligible for this study.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for postoperative complications and to identify the factors associated with Δalbumin. Receiver operating characteristic curves were developed to examine the cutoff value of the change in albumin in predicting postoperative complications.
RESULTS: Among all of the patients, the median Δalbumin after surgery was 15%. ΔAlbumin was an independent risk factor for overall complications (p < 0.01). The cutoff value was 15%, and an increased area under the curve compared with C-reactive protein occurred on postoperative day 3 or 4. Patients with a Δalbumin ≥15% experienced more postoperative major complications, a higher comprehensive complication index, a longer postoperative stay, and increased surgical site infections (p < 0.05) than those <15%. ΔAlbumin correlated with sex, type of surgery, stoma creation, C-reactive protein on postoperative day 3 or 4, and intraoperative blood transfusion. Postoperative C-reactive protein remained independently associated with Δalbumin (p < 0.01).
LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its retrospective nature.
CONCLUSIONS: A cutoff value of a 15% reduction in serum albumin within 2 postoperative days could help to identify patients with a high probability of postoperative complications and permit safe and early discharge after colorectal surgery.
Takatsu Y, Fukunaga Y, Nagasaki T, et al.
Short- and Long-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Total Mesenteric Excision for Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Rectum.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):284-289 [PubMed] Related Publications
Short- and Long-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Total Mesenteric Excision for Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Rectum.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):284-289 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, no studies to date have assessed the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic total mesenteric excision in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the rectum.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent laparoscopic rectal resection plus total mesenteric excision for rectal neuroendocrine tumors at our institution.
DESIGN: This was a single center, retrospective study.
SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a tertiary care facility.
PATIENTS: Eight-two patients with neuroendocrine tumors who underwent rectal resection with total mesenteric excision, 77 laparoscopically, between June 2005 and August 2015 were included.
INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic rectal resection and total mesenteric excision were the study interventions.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic characteristics and surgical and postoperative outcomes were measured.
RESULTS: Median tumor size was 8.8 mm (range, 3.0-35.0 mm); 63.6% of tumors were located in the lower rectum, with the median distance from the tumor to the anal verge being 50.0 mm (range, 20.0-130.0 mm). Anal preservation was achieved in all of the patients. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 5 patients (6.5%), but there were no deaths. Seventy-one patients (92.2%) had tumor invasion confined to the submucosa. Lymph node metastasis was present in 29 patients (37.7%), including 26 (33.8%) with perirectal and 5 (6.5%) with lateral lymph node metastasis. The median follow-up period in 59 patients was 42 months (range, 11-113 months), and the 3-year overall survival rate was 97.8%.
LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its single-center, retrospective analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic rectal resection with total mesenteric excision is safe in patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumors, with good short- and long-term outcomes. Because rectal neuroendocrine tumors are smaller and show superficial invasion, the rate of anal preservation may be high.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent laparoscopic rectal resection plus total mesenteric excision for rectal neuroendocrine tumors at our institution.
DESIGN: This was a single center, retrospective study.
SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a tertiary care facility.
PATIENTS: Eight-two patients with neuroendocrine tumors who underwent rectal resection with total mesenteric excision, 77 laparoscopically, between June 2005 and August 2015 were included.
INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic rectal resection and total mesenteric excision were the study interventions.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic characteristics and surgical and postoperative outcomes were measured.
RESULTS: Median tumor size was 8.8 mm (range, 3.0-35.0 mm); 63.6% of tumors were located in the lower rectum, with the median distance from the tumor to the anal verge being 50.0 mm (range, 20.0-130.0 mm). Anal preservation was achieved in all of the patients. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 5 patients (6.5%), but there were no deaths. Seventy-one patients (92.2%) had tumor invasion confined to the submucosa. Lymph node metastasis was present in 29 patients (37.7%), including 26 (33.8%) with perirectal and 5 (6.5%) with lateral lymph node metastasis. The median follow-up period in 59 patients was 42 months (range, 11-113 months), and the 3-year overall survival rate was 97.8%.
LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its single-center, retrospective analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic rectal resection with total mesenteric excision is safe in patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumors, with good short- and long-term outcomes. Because rectal neuroendocrine tumors are smaller and show superficial invasion, the rate of anal preservation may be high.
van den Broek JJ, van der Wolf FS, Lahaye MJ, et al.
Accuracy of MRI in Restaging Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer After Preoperative Chemoradiation.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):274-283 [PubMed] Related Publications
Accuracy of MRI in Restaging Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer After Preoperative Chemoradiation.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):274-283 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: Patients with a locally advanced rectal carcinoma benefit from preoperative chemoradiotherapy. MRI is considered the first choice imaging modality after preoperative chemoradiation, although its reliability for restaging is debatable.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of MRI in restaging locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiation.
DESIGN: This was a retrospective study.
SETTINGS: The study was conducted in a Dutch high-volume rectal cancer center.
PATIENTS: A consecutive cohort of 48 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with a curative intent was identified.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three readers independently evaluated the MRI both for primary staging and for restaging after preoperative chemoradiation and were blinded to results from the other readers as well as histological results. Interobserver variability was determined. Accuracy of the restaging MRI was assessed through the comparison of tumor characteristics on MRI with histopathologic outcomes.
RESULTS: T stage was correctly predicted by the 3 readers in 47% to 68% and N stage in 68% to 70%. Overstaging was more common than understaging. Positive predictive values (PPV) among the 3 readers for T0 were 0%, and negative predictive values (NPVs) varied from 84% to 85%. For T1/2, PPVs and NPVs were 50% to 67% and 72% to 90%, and for T3/4 they were 54% to 62% and 33% to 78%. PPVs and NPVs for N0 stage were 81% to 95% and 58% to 73%. Tumor regression grade on MRI did not correspond with histopathologic tumor regression grade; PPVs for good response (tumor regression grade on MRI 1-2) were 48% to 61%, and NPVs were 42% to 58%. Interobserver agreement was fair to moderate for T stage, N stage, and tumor response (κ = 0.20-0.41) and fair to substantial for the relation with the mesorectal fascia (κ = 0.33-0.77). In none of the patients was the surgical plan changed after the restaging MRI.
LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its small sample size and retrospective nature.
CONCLUSIONS: MRI has low accuracy for restaging locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiation, and the interobserver variability is significant.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of MRI in restaging locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiation.
DESIGN: This was a retrospective study.
SETTINGS: The study was conducted in a Dutch high-volume rectal cancer center.
PATIENTS: A consecutive cohort of 48 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with a curative intent was identified.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three readers independently evaluated the MRI both for primary staging and for restaging after preoperative chemoradiation and were blinded to results from the other readers as well as histological results. Interobserver variability was determined. Accuracy of the restaging MRI was assessed through the comparison of tumor characteristics on MRI with histopathologic outcomes.
RESULTS: T stage was correctly predicted by the 3 readers in 47% to 68% and N stage in 68% to 70%. Overstaging was more common than understaging. Positive predictive values (PPV) among the 3 readers for T0 were 0%, and negative predictive values (NPVs) varied from 84% to 85%. For T1/2, PPVs and NPVs were 50% to 67% and 72% to 90%, and for T3/4 they were 54% to 62% and 33% to 78%. PPVs and NPVs for N0 stage were 81% to 95% and 58% to 73%. Tumor regression grade on MRI did not correspond with histopathologic tumor regression grade; PPVs for good response (tumor regression grade on MRI 1-2) were 48% to 61%, and NPVs were 42% to 58%. Interobserver agreement was fair to moderate for T stage, N stage, and tumor response (κ = 0.20-0.41) and fair to substantial for the relation with the mesorectal fascia (κ = 0.33-0.77). In none of the patients was the surgical plan changed after the restaging MRI.
LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its small sample size and retrospective nature.
CONCLUSIONS: MRI has low accuracy for restaging locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiation, and the interobserver variability is significant.
Kim J, Baek SJ, Kang DW, et al.
Robotic Resection is a Good Prognostic Factor in Rectal Cancer Compared with Laparoscopic Resection: Long-term Survival Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):266-273 [PubMed] Related Publications
Robotic Resection is a Good Prognostic Factor in Rectal Cancer Compared with Laparoscopic Resection: Long-term Survival Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):266-273 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: Robotic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer has rapidly increased and has shown short-term outcomes comparable to conventional laparoscopic total mesorectal excision. However, data for long-term oncologic outcomes are limited.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term oncologic outcomes of robotic total mesorectal excision compared with laparoscopic total mesorectal excision.
DESIGN: This was a retrospective study.
SETTINGS: This study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital.
PATIENTS: A total of 732 patients who underwent totally robotic (n = 272) and laparoscopic (n = 460) total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer were included in this study.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We compared clinicopathologic outcomes of patients. In addition, short- and long-term outcomes and prognostic factors for survival were evaluated in the matched robotic and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision groups (224 matched pairs by propensity score).
RESULTS: Before case matching, patients in the robotic group were younger, more likely to have undergone preoperative chemoradiation, and had a lower tumor location than those in the laparoscopic group. After case matching most clinicopathologic outcomes were similar between the groups, but operative time was longer and postoperative ileus was more frequent in the robotic group. In the matched patients excluding stage IV, the overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and disease-free survival were better in the robotic group, but did not reach statistical significance. The 5-year survival rates for robotic and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision were 90.5% and 78.0% for overall survival, 90.5% and 79.5% for cancer-specific survival, and 72.6% and 68.0% for disease-free survival. In multivariate analysis, robotic surgery was a significant prognostic factor for overall survival and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.0040, HR = 0.333; p = 0.0161, HR = 0.367).
LIMITATIONS: This study has the potential for selection bias and limited generalizability.
CONCLUSIONS: Robotic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer showed long-term survival comparable to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in this study. Robotic surgery was a good prognostic factor for overall survival and cancer-specific survival, suggesting potential oncologic benefits.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term oncologic outcomes of robotic total mesorectal excision compared with laparoscopic total mesorectal excision.
DESIGN: This was a retrospective study.
SETTINGS: This study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital.
PATIENTS: A total of 732 patients who underwent totally robotic (n = 272) and laparoscopic (n = 460) total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer were included in this study.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We compared clinicopathologic outcomes of patients. In addition, short- and long-term outcomes and prognostic factors for survival were evaluated in the matched robotic and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision groups (224 matched pairs by propensity score).
RESULTS: Before case matching, patients in the robotic group were younger, more likely to have undergone preoperative chemoradiation, and had a lower tumor location than those in the laparoscopic group. After case matching most clinicopathologic outcomes were similar between the groups, but operative time was longer and postoperative ileus was more frequent in the robotic group. In the matched patients excluding stage IV, the overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and disease-free survival were better in the robotic group, but did not reach statistical significance. The 5-year survival rates for robotic and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision were 90.5% and 78.0% for overall survival, 90.5% and 79.5% for cancer-specific survival, and 72.6% and 68.0% for disease-free survival. In multivariate analysis, robotic surgery was a significant prognostic factor for overall survival and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.0040, HR = 0.333; p = 0.0161, HR = 0.367).
LIMITATIONS: This study has the potential for selection bias and limited generalizability.
CONCLUSIONS: Robotic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer showed long-term survival comparable to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in this study. Robotic surgery was a good prognostic factor for overall survival and cancer-specific survival, suggesting potential oncologic benefits.
Marks JH, Salem JF, Valsdottir EB, et al.
Quality of Life and Functional Outcome After Transanal Abdominal Transanal Proctectomy for Low Rectal Cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):258-265 [PubMed] Related Publications
Quality of Life and Functional Outcome After Transanal Abdominal Transanal Proctectomy for Low Rectal Cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2017; 60(3):258-265 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: Transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy is a sphincter-preserving procedure designed to avoid colostomy in patients with cancer in the distal third of the rectum. Oncologic outcomes of this procedure have been established. However, data regarding patient satisfaction and quality of life are scant.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and functional outcomes of patients after transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy.
DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study.
SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral colorectal center.
PATIENTS: Patients who underwent transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy were included and surveyed using the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, the Quality of Life Questionnaire CR38 module, and a questionnaire designed by the authors to assess satisfaction with quality of life.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality of life, functional outcomes, and patient satisfaction were measured and compared by age, tumor level, and stage of the disease.
RESULTS: A total of 133 surveys were mailed, and 90 patients responded and were included in the study. Patient quality of life was not significantly different after surgery. Patients with more proximal tumors had better lifestyle, physical, and emotional scores. Older patients performed better on multiple levels, including coping, emotional, body image, future perspective, and digestive. Stage of disease had no impact on quality of life. Compared with reference values, patients who underwent transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy performed better on most of the components. All of patients preferred transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy over having a stoma based on their current anal sphincter function, and >97% of patients preferred transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy based on their current quality of life, sexual function, and level of activities.
LIMITATIONS: This study is limited by the lack of a comparison group and a potential selection bias.
CONCLUSIONS: Satisfaction with quality of life and functional outcomes is high after transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy. Older patients and those with more proximal tumors performed better. This patient population clearly preferred a sphincter-preserving option for treatment of their rectal cancer.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and functional outcomes of patients after transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy.
DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study.
SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral colorectal center.
PATIENTS: Patients who underwent transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy were included and surveyed using the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, the Quality of Life Questionnaire CR38 module, and a questionnaire designed by the authors to assess satisfaction with quality of life.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality of life, functional outcomes, and patient satisfaction were measured and compared by age, tumor level, and stage of the disease.
RESULTS: A total of 133 surveys were mailed, and 90 patients responded and were included in the study. Patient quality of life was not significantly different after surgery. Patients with more proximal tumors had better lifestyle, physical, and emotional scores. Older patients performed better on multiple levels, including coping, emotional, body image, future perspective, and digestive. Stage of disease had no impact on quality of life. Compared with reference values, patients who underwent transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy performed better on most of the components. All of patients preferred transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy over having a stoma based on their current anal sphincter function, and >97% of patients preferred transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy based on their current quality of life, sexual function, and level of activities.
LIMITATIONS: This study is limited by the lack of a comparison group and a potential selection bias.
CONCLUSIONS: Satisfaction with quality of life and functional outcomes is high after transanal abdominal transanal proctectomy. Older patients and those with more proximal tumors performed better. This patient population clearly preferred a sphincter-preserving option for treatment of their rectal cancer.
Yang W, Ning N, Jin X
The lncRNA H19 Promotes Cell Proliferation by Competitively Binding to miR-200a and Derepressing β-Catenin Expression in Colorectal Cancer.
Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017:2767484 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
The lncRNA H19 Promotes Cell Proliferation by Competitively Binding to miR-200a and Derepressing β-Catenin Expression in Colorectal Cancer.
Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017:2767484 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
H19, a paternally imprinted noncoding RNA, has been found to be overexpressed in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), and may function as an oncogene. However, the mechanism by which H19 regulates CRC progression remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to assess H19 expression levels in CRC tissues, determine the effect of H19 on CRC proliferation, and explore the mechanism by which H19 regulates the proliferation of CRC. We measured H19 expression using qRT-PCR and analysed the effects of H19 on colon cancer cell proliferation via cell growth curve, cell viability assay, and colony formation assays. To elucidate the mechanism underlying these effects, we analysed the interactions between H19 and miRNAs and identified the target gene to which H19 and miRNA competitively bind using a series of molecular biological techniques. H19 expression was upregulated in CRC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. H19 overexpression facilitated colon cancer cell proliferation, whereas H19 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation. miR-200a bound to H19 and inhibited its expression, thereby decreasing CRC cell proliferation. β-Catenin was identified as a target gene of miR-200a. H19 regulated β-catenin expression and activity by competitively binding to miR-200a. H19 promotes cell proliferation by competitively binding to miR-200a and derepressing β-catenin in CRC.
Oluyemi A, Awolola N, Oyedeji O
Clinicopathologic review of polyps biopsied at colonoscopy in Lagos, Nigeria.
Pan Afr Med J. 2016; 24:333 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Clinicopathologic review of polyps biopsied at colonoscopy in Lagos, Nigeria.
Pan Afr Med J. 2016; 24:333 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal polyps are known precursors of colorectal cancers. The increase in utilization of colonoscopy in Nigeria has meant a rise in the recently reported incidence of these lesions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological profile of colorectal polyps biopsied during the inaugural 12 month period of colonoscopy from a private endoscopy suite in Nigeria.
METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all the clients who had polyps diagnosed at colonoscopy over a 12 month period (August 2014 -July 2015) at a private endoscopy suite in Lagos, Nigeria. This analysis of prospectively collected data was performed using clinical information from the endoscopy logs and pathology database system of a private endoscopy suite based in Lagos, Nigeria.
RESULTS: A total of 125 colonoscopies were carried out over the stated period. Of these, 14 individuals had a total of 18 polyps- 4 clients (28.6% of the persons with polyps) had two polyps each. The polyp detection rate was 11.2% while the polyp per colonoscopy rate was 14.4%. Of these clients, males were 10 in number; giving a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. Their ages ranged from 37 to 77 years (mean= 57.3 years). The presenting complaint at colonoscopy was hematochezia in 11 (78.6%), new onset constipation in 2 (14.2%) and peri-anal pain in 1 patient (7.1%). The polyps were distributed as follows; 2 (11.1%) in the ascending colon, 1 (5.6%) each in the transverse and descending colons, 8 (44.4%) in the sigmoid colon, 6(33.3%) located in the rectum. Hence, there was left sided (15 of 18= 83.3%) preponderance. Pathologically, tubular (adenomatous) polyp with or without low grade dysplastic changes was diagnosed in 6 of the 18 polyps (giving an adenoma detection rate of 4.8%), 4 (22.2%) were inflammatory polyps, 1 (5.6%) was malignant and another had the rare inflammatory fibroid polyp. Five (27.8%) of the specimens were reported as non-specific colitis.
CONCLUSION: The study supports the present wisdom that polyps are clearly less prevalent in our environment when compared to the Western world. The increased prevalence with advancing age, in male subjects and of left sided lesions, is also in keeping with previous results from our environment. A case is also advanced for the increased deployment of endoscopy as a tool for the detection of these polyps and ultimately, the reduction of colorectal cancer in our population.
METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all the clients who had polyps diagnosed at colonoscopy over a 12 month period (August 2014 -July 2015) at a private endoscopy suite in Lagos, Nigeria. This analysis of prospectively collected data was performed using clinical information from the endoscopy logs and pathology database system of a private endoscopy suite based in Lagos, Nigeria.
RESULTS: A total of 125 colonoscopies were carried out over the stated period. Of these, 14 individuals had a total of 18 polyps- 4 clients (28.6% of the persons with polyps) had two polyps each. The polyp detection rate was 11.2% while the polyp per colonoscopy rate was 14.4%. Of these clients, males were 10 in number; giving a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. Their ages ranged from 37 to 77 years (mean= 57.3 years). The presenting complaint at colonoscopy was hematochezia in 11 (78.6%), new onset constipation in 2 (14.2%) and peri-anal pain in 1 patient (7.1%). The polyps were distributed as follows; 2 (11.1%) in the ascending colon, 1 (5.6%) each in the transverse and descending colons, 8 (44.4%) in the sigmoid colon, 6(33.3%) located in the rectum. Hence, there was left sided (15 of 18= 83.3%) preponderance. Pathologically, tubular (adenomatous) polyp with or without low grade dysplastic changes was diagnosed in 6 of the 18 polyps (giving an adenoma detection rate of 4.8%), 4 (22.2%) were inflammatory polyps, 1 (5.6%) was malignant and another had the rare inflammatory fibroid polyp. Five (27.8%) of the specimens were reported as non-specific colitis.
CONCLUSION: The study supports the present wisdom that polyps are clearly less prevalent in our environment when compared to the Western world. The increased prevalence with advancing age, in male subjects and of left sided lesions, is also in keeping with previous results from our environment. A case is also advanced for the increased deployment of endoscopy as a tool for the detection of these polyps and ultimately, the reduction of colorectal cancer in our population.
Sano I, Katanuma A, Yane K, et al.
Pancreatic Metastasis from Rectal Cancer that was Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA).
Intern Med. 2017; 56(3):301-305 [PubMed] Related Publications
Pancreatic Metastasis from Rectal Cancer that was Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA).
Intern Med. 2017; 56(3):301-305 [PubMed] Related Publications
Pancreatic metastasis from colorectal cancer is rare, and there have been only a few reports of its preoperative diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) with immunohistochemical staining. We herein describe the case of a 77-year-old woman in whom a solitary mass in the pancreatic tail was detected 11 years after rectal cancer resection. The patient also had a history of pulmonary tumor resection. We performed EUS-FNA and a histopathological examination showed adenocarcinoma with CD20+, CD7-, and CDX2+ (similar to her rectal cancer). EUS-FNA enabled a histopathological examination, including immunohistochemical staining, which helped to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatic and pulmonary metastasis from rectal cancer.
Yoshida T, Tajika M, Tanaka T, et al.
The Features of Colorectal Tumors in a Patient with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome.
Intern Med. 2017; 56(3):295-300 [PubMed] Related Publications
The Features of Colorectal Tumors in a Patient with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome.
Intern Med. 2017; 56(3):295-300 [PubMed] Related Publications
A young woman with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) was referred to our hospital. On examination, multiple flat neoplasms were detected in addition to semi-pedunculated polyps. Restorative proctocolectomy was performed; one submucosal invasive cancer, two mucosal cancers, and several adenomas with high-grade dysplasia were detected. On immunohistochemical staining with p53, every part of all neoplasms, even the small adenomas, showed strong positive staining. Multiple flat neoplasms may be characteristic of patients with LFS and may have a much higher risk of rapid progression to invasive carcinomas than sporadic neoplasms. Thus, careful and frequent colonoscopy surveillance may be needed for patients with LFS.
Related: Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Nagata K, Tajiri K, Shimada S, et al.
Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1 with a Solitary Hepatic Metastatic Lesion.
Intern Med. 2017; 56(3):289-293 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1 with a Solitary Hepatic Metastatic Lesion.
Intern Med. 2017; 56(3):289-293 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is a relatively rare tumor. NET is classified as G1, G2, or G3 according to the degree of mitosis or Ki-67 proliferation index, which reflect the malignant potential of the tumor, such as metastasis. Advanced cases with metastasis are indicated for chemotherapy treatment. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy is limited. Therefore, resection is considered, even in metastatic cases, if complete resection is possible. We herein report a case of small rectal NET discovered with hepatic metastasis classified as G1. The patient showed good progress with no recurrence after undergoing hepatectomy and endoscopic resection of rectal NET.
Li CF, Yan ZK, Chen LB, et al.
Desmin detection by facile prepared carbon quantum dots for early screening of colorectal cancer.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(5):e5521 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Desmin detection by facile prepared carbon quantum dots for early screening of colorectal cancer.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(5):e5521 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Th aim of this study was to develop a new facile chemical method for early screening of colorectal cancer.The -C(O)OH groups modified Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) were prepared by an facile innovative route of acid attacking on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The -C(O)OH groups were further transported into -C(O)Cl groups by SOCl2 treating. The obtained ClCQDs were conjugated onto the anti-Desmin, which were applied for testing the Desmin concentration in serum by using linearly fitted relationship with photoluminescence (PL) intensity.The obtained carbon quantum dots are quasispherical graphite nanocrystals with photoluminescence at about 455 nm. The Desmin with concentration of 1 ng/mL can lead to a decrease of PL intensity for anti-Desmin conjugated CQDs with good linearity. This assay had good specificity for Desmin with in interferential substances of immunoglobulin G (IgG), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), and carcinoembryoic antigen (CEA).A new facile acid attack method was developed to prepare ClCQDs, which could conjugate onto the anti-Desmin for detection of Desmin in serum with high sensitivity and specificity. As the detection limit is lower than 1 ng/ mL, this work provides a promising strategy for the evaluation of colorectal cancer risk with low cost and excellent sensing performance.
Related: Cancer Screening and Early Detection
Cancer Screening and Early Detection
Duricova D
What Can We Learn from Epidemiological Studies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Dig Dis. 2017; 35(1-2):69-73 [PubMed] Related Publications
What Can We Learn from Epidemiological Studies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Dig Dis. 2017; 35(1-2):69-73 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: Population-based studies represent the whole spectrum of patient population and should represent the mainstay when evaluating patients' prognosis. A high number of CD patients need surgical intervention during the disease course. The disease course of inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is quite varied and still quite unpredictable. Key Messages: According to earlier studies, up to 60% of patients undergo at least one operation after 10 years of CD duration. Newer cohorts report lower cumulative probability of surgery of approximately 40% after 10 years. The colectomy rate in UC is approximately 10% after 10 years from diagnosis with a geographic difference. Similarly to CD, the colectomy rate seems to decrease over time. There is some evidence that the increasing use of immunosuppressive and/or biological therapy might have been responsible for this favourable trend. However, other factors may have an impact on decreasing surgical trend over time. The relative risk (RR) of colorectal cancer (CRC) in UC is approximately doubled compared to background population. However, the absolute risk in general is relatively low between 1.1 and 5.3% after 20 years of disease duration. Furthermore, a decreasing trend in the incidence of CRC has been reported in recent studies. Importantly, several factors such as disease extent, activity, age at UC onset, and so on may increase/modify an individual risk. Similar to UC, CD patients have approximately 2 times higher RR of cancer compared to background population. The risk is higher for colon than for rectum cancer and present only in CD patients with colonic involvement.
CONCLUSIONS: The surgery rate in CD has decreased over the time period. The evidence on colectomy rate in UC is less conclusive. The RR of CRC in UC and CD is approximately doubled compared to that of the background population, but it seems to be decreasing in more recent cohorts.
CONCLUSIONS: The surgery rate in CD has decreased over the time period. The evidence on colectomy rate in UC is less conclusive. The RR of CRC in UC and CD is approximately doubled compared to that of the background population, but it seems to be decreasing in more recent cohorts.
Related: Biological Therapies
Biological Therapies
