Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped organs situated inside the chest, they bring oxygen into the body and take out waste carbon dioxide. There is a strong link between smoking and lung cancer. There are two main categories of lung cancer; Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) , and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). World-wide over 1 million people are diagnosed with lung cancer each year.
Information for Health Professionals / Researchers
Latest Research Publications
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Risk Factors and Prevention of Lung Cancer
Mesothelioma
Information Patients and the Public (19 links)
GLCC
Established in 2001, the GLCC comprises 28 non-government patient organisations from around the world. It aims include increasing awareness and destigmatising the disease amongst patients, the medical community, policy makers, the general public and the media, by delivering highest quality information and programmes through its member groups,
Cancer Research UK
CancerHelp information is examined by both expert and lay reviewers. Content is reviewed every 12 to 18 months. Further info.
Cancer.Net
Content is peer reviewed and Cancer.Net has an Editorial Board of experts and advocates. Content is reviewed annually or as needed. Further info.
Macmillan Cancer Support
Content is developed by a team of information development nurses and content editors, and reviewed by health professionals. Further info.
NHS Choices
NHS Choices information is quality assured by experts and content is reviewed at least every 2 years. Further info.
National Cancer Institute
PDQ summaries are written and frequently updated by editorial boards of experts Further info.
Information about methods of cancer detection including new imaging technologies, tumor markers, and biopsy procedures.
What You Need To Know About Lung Cancer
National Cancer Institute
Detailed booklet covering the lungs, types of lung cancer, tests, staging, treatment, nutrition, sources of support and other topics.
Founded in 1904, this national organisation aims to improve lung health and prevent lung disease through Education, Advocacy and Research.
An independently incorporated, international, educational and scientific society, founded in 1905, with a focus on respiratory and critical care medicine. There is a detailed public site with detailed information and also a members area.
Biological therapy for lung cancer
Cancer Research UK
Includes details of a number of biological therapies, for example Erlotinib, which is locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC which is EGFR positive.
Founded in 2002 to increase awareness about lung cancer, support patients living with lung cancer and the individuals who care for them and provide educational resources to lung cancer patients, their family members and health care professional.
Association for International Cancer Research
Lung Cancer Foundation of America
LCFA
Founded in 2002 LCFA aims to improve the survival rate of lung cancer by raising money from the private sector and channeling those funds to lung cancer researchers, so that researchers find effective ways to predict, detect, and treat lung cancer.
Cancer Research UK
Statistics for the UK, including incidence, mortality, survival, risk factors and stats related to treatment and symptom relief.
Oncolink
Covers the lungs, risks, symptoms, staging, treatments and other topics.
ACOR
Email discussion and support list
National Lung Cancer Partnership
NLCP
Founded in 2001 NLCP is an advocacy organization founded by doctors and researchers working together with survivors and advocates to increase lung cancer awareness and research funding.
Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation
A national charity dedicated to lung cancer, raising money for research, prevention, advocacy, and supporting people living with lung cancer.
Spot lung cancer early
Cancer Research UK
Dr Chris Steele describes the signs and symptoms of lung cancer. (2012)
Information for Health Professionals / Researchers (17 links)
- PubMed search for publications about Lung Cancer - Limit search to: [Reviews]
PubMed Central search for free-access publications about Lung Cancer
MeSH term: Lung Neoplasms
US National Library of Medicine
PubMed has over 22 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Constantly updated.
Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment
National Cancer Institute
PDQ summaries are written and frequently updated by editorial boards of experts Further info.
National Cancer Institute
PDQ summaries are written and frequently updated by editorial boards of experts Further info.
Information about methods of cancer detection including new imaging technologies, tumor markers, and biopsy procedures.
Patient UK
PatientUK content is peer reviewed. Content is reviewed by a team led by a Clinical Editor to reflect new or updated guidance and publications. Further info.
NHS Evidence
Regularly updated and reviewed. Further info.
Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
IASLC
Founded in 1974, the association's membership includes more than 3,500 lung cancer specialists in 80 countries.
Australasian Lung Cancer Trials Group
ALTG
ALTG is a multi-disciplinary organization dedicated to reducing the incidence, morbidity and mortality of lung and other thoracic cancers and improving the quality of life of these patients, carers and families in Australia and New Zealand through the coordination and facilitation of high quality clinical research.
Improving Lung Cancer Outcomes Project - ILCOP
Royal College of Physicians
Since 2010 this project joins up healthcare teams including doctors and nurses from different NHS Trusts to share best practice in diagnosing, treating and supporting patients with lung cancer, and to look for the underlying differences in rates of lung cancer survival at different Trusts.
International Thoracic Oncology Nursing Forum
ITONF
An international organisation for those who are directly caring for people with lung cancer or mesothelioma in a nursing role.
Oncolex - Oslo University Hospital (Norway) and MD Andersen (USA)
Detailed reference article covering etiology, histology, staging, metastatic patterns, symptoms, differential diagnoses, prognosis, treatment and follow-up.
Cancer Research UK
Statistics for the UK, including incidence, mortality, survival, risk factors and stats related to treatment and symptom relief.
National Familial Lung Cancer Registry
Johns Hopkins Medical Institute
The Registry was established at The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions in September 1993. Over 270 lung cancer families are registered to date. So far, research with these families includes studies of DNA repair capacity and genetic markers and their relationship to environmental factors.
SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Lung and Bronchus
SEER, National Cancer Institute
Overview and specific fact sheets on incidence and mortality, survival and stage,
lifetime risk, and prevalence.
Translational lung cancer research
Pioneer
An Open Access journal of the Society for Translational Cancer Research
Türk Akciğer Kanseri Derneği | Turkish Lung Cancer Society - Türkçe - English
TAKD is a professional association for lung cancer and tobacco control established in 2003. The society represents multidisciplinary approach in the lung cancer care policy and education.
九州肺癌研究機構 | Lung Oncology Group in Kyushu - 日本語 - Translate to English
A clinical research group founded in 2004, now with 89 collaborating institutions, running clinical trials in lung cancer.
日本肺癌学会 | Japan Lung Cancer Society - 日本語 - English
A non-profit organisation founded in 1960, promoting research on lung cancer and and helping to diffuse knowledge and understanding of the disease among society.
Latest Research Publications
This list of publications is regularly updated (Source: PubMed).
Caveolin 1 expression favors tumor growth and is associated with poor survival in primary lung adenocarcinomas.
Tumour Biol. 2017; 39(2):1010428317694311 [PubMed] Related Publications
Thyroid transcription factor 1 expression is associated with outcome of patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer treated with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy.
Tumour Biol. 2017; 39(2):1010428317691186 [PubMed] Related Publications
Comprehensive profiling and quantitation of oncogenic mutations in non-small cell lung carcinoma using single-molecule amplification and re-sequencing technology.
Tumour Biol. 2017; 39(2):1010428317691413 [PubMed] Related Publications
Using Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy and Dye Injection to Aid in Video-Assisted Lung Resection.
Am Surg. 2016; 82(11):1052-1054 [PubMed] Related Publications
Expression of Cadherin-17 Promotes Metastasis in a Highly Bone Marrow Metastatic Murine Breast Cancer Model.
Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017:8494286 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
CYFRA 21-1 as a Predictive Marker for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Pemetrexed-based Chemotherapy.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):935-939 [PubMed] Related Publications
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively screened 100 chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC treated with pemetrexed plus a platinum-derivative in relation to the pretreatment level of cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).
RESULTS: Sixty one patients with a high CYFRA 21-1 level had statistically shorter progression-free and overall survival than 39 patients with a normal CYFRA 21-1 level (median progression-free survival=127 days vs. 191 days, respectively; p=0.046; median overall survival=360 days vs. 781 days, respectively, p<0.001). Serum CEA level was not related to survival.
CONCLUSION: Serum CYFRA 21-1 level is a predictive and prognostic marker in patients with NSCLC treated with pemetrexed plus a platinum-derivative.
Carboplatin plus Weekly Paclitaxel Combined with Bevacizumab as First-line Treatment for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):923-928 [PubMed] Related Publications
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with stage IIIB/IV or postoperative recurrent NSCLC (n=33) were treated with carboplatin (area under the curve of 6) on day 1; paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2)) on days 1, 8, and 15; and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) on day 1 repeated every 4 weeks, for four to six cycles; followed by maintenance bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) every 3 weeks.
RESULTS: The overall response rate was 76%. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 8.4 months and 22.2 months, respectively. Grade 3-4 toxicities included neutropenia in 55% of patients, anemia in 18%, febrile neutropenia in 12%, and anorexia in 9%. No treatment-related deaths were observed.
CONCLUSION: Carboplatin plus weekly paclitaxel with bevacizumab was effective and well tolerated by patients with advanced NSCLC.
Radiological Features of the Surgically Resected Small-sized Small-cell Lung Cancer on Computed Tomography.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):877-881 [PubMed] Related Publications
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population included 17 patients with resected SCLC and 296 patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC) whose preoperative CT were available. The tumors of all patients were smaller than 3.0 cm.
RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that SCLC was significantly associated with the presence of notching and the absence of surrounding ground glass opacity, air bronchogram, pleural indentation, and spiculation in comparison to ADC.
CONCLUSION: The CT scans of patients with SCLC of less than 3.0 cm in size showed notching more frequently than those of patients with ADC, whereas surrounding GGO, air bronchogram, pleural indentation and spiculation were observed less frequently compared to ADC.
Frequency of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation in Smokers with Lung Cancer Without Pulmonary Emphysema.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):765-771 [PubMed] Related Publications
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records for 250 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were categorized into the emphysema or non-emphysema group.
RESULTS: Wild-type EGFR was detected in 136 (54%) and mutant EGFR in 48 (19%). Emphysematous changes were observed in 87 (36%) patients. EGFR mutation was highly frequent in the non-emphysema group (p=0.0014). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that emphysema was an independent risk factor for reduced frequency of EGFR mutation (Odds Ratio=3.47, p=0.005).
CONCLUSION: Our data showed a relationship between emphysematous changes and EGFR mutation status. There might be mutually exclusive genetic risk factors for carcinogenesis and development of emphysematous changes.
The Preoperative Controlling Nutritional Status Score Predicts Survival After Curative Surgery in Patients with Pathological Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):741-747 [PubMed] Related Publications
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We selected 138 consecutive patients with pathological stage I NSCLC treated from August 2005 to August 2010. We measured their preoperative CONUT score in uni- and multivariate Cox regression analyses of postoperative survival.
RESULTS: A high CONUT score was positively associated with preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level (p=0.0100) and postoperative recurrence (p=0.0767). In multivariate analysis, the preoperative CONUT score [relative risk (RR)=6.058; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.068-113.941; p=0.0407), increasing age (RR=7.858; 95% CI=2.034-36.185; p=0.0029), and pleural invasion (RR=36.615; 95% CI=5.900-362.620; p<0.0001) were independent prognostic factors. In Kaplan-Meier analysis of recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CS), and overall survival (OS), the group with high CONUT score had a significantly shorter RFS, CS, and OS than did the low-CONUT score group by log-rank test (p=0.0458, p=0.0104 and p=0.0096, respectively).
CONCLUSION: The preoperative CONUT score is both a predictive and prognostic factor in patients with pathological stage I NSCLC. This immuno-nutritional score can indicate patients at high risk of postoperative recurrence and death.
Importance of Bevacizumab Maintenance Following Combination Chemotherapy in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Xenograft Models.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):623-629 [PubMed] Related Publications
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three human NSCLC cell line xenograft models were used to investigate antitumor effect of bevacizumab and tumor microvessel density (MVD) was analyzed.
RESULTS: In A549 and NCI-H292 models, bevacizumab maintenance following combination with paclitaxel exhibited stronger tumor suppression than its absence. In an NCI-H292 model, bevacizumab maintenance continuously inhibited increase of MVD. In an NCI-H2228 model following induction treatment with pemetrexed and bevacizumab, maintenance with pemetrexed plus bevacizumab, had stronger efficacy than pemetrexed alone and led to lower MVD and level of thymidylate synthase.
CONCLUSION: Continuous suppression of angiogenesis by bevacizumab may contribute to the superior efficacy of maintenance treatment containing bevacizumab.
Immune-based Therapies for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(2):377-387 [PubMed] Related Publications
Neoplastic Meningitis Due to Lung, Breast, and Melanoma Metastases.
Cancer Control. 2017; 24(1):22-32 [PubMed] Related Publications
METHODS: A review of the literature of articles published in English was conducted with regard to neoplastic meningitis.
RESULTS: The incidence of neoplastic meningitis is increasing because patients with cancer are surviving longer in part because of the use of novel therapies with poor CNS penetration. Up to 5% of patients with solid tumors develop neoplastic meningitis during the disease course (breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma being the predominantly causative cancers). The rate of median survival in patients with untreated neoplastic meningitis is 1 to 2 months, although it can be as long as 5 months in some cases. Therapeutic options for the treatment of neoplastic meningitis include systemic therapy (cancer-specific, CNS-penetrating chemotherapy or targeted therapies), intra-CSF administration of chemotherapy (methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa) and CNS site-specific radiotherapy. Determining whom to treat with neoplastic meningitis remains challenging and, in part, relates to the extent of systemic disease, the neurological burden of disease, the available systemic therapies, and estimated rates of survival.
CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of neoplastic meningitis remains poor. The increasing use of novel, targeted therapies and immunotherapy in solid tumors and its impact on neoplastic meningitis remains to be determined and is an area of active research. Thus, well conducted trials are needed.
Rapid intracranial response to osimertinib, without radiotherapy, in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients harboring the EGFR T790M mutation: Two Case Reports.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(6):e6087 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
PATIENT CONCERNS, DIAGNOSES, AND INTERVENTIONS: We experienced 2 NSCLC patients with the EGFR T790M mutation; a 67-year-old woman with symptomatic multiple brain metastases administered osimertinib as seventh-line chemotherapy, and a 76-year old man with an asymptomatic single brain metastasis administered osimertinib as fifth-line chemotherapy.
OUTCOMES: These patients showed great response to osimertinib within 2 weeks without radiation therapy.
LESSONS: These are the first reports to reveal the rapid response of the brain metastases to osimertinib within 2 weeks. These cases suggest the possibility that preemptive administration of osimertinib may help patients to postpone or avoid radiation exposures. In addition, rapid reassessment of the effect of osimertinib on brain metastases could prevent patients from being too late to receive essential radiotherapy.
Multislice Analysis of Blood Flow Values in CT Perfusion Studies of Lung Cancer.
Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017:3236893 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi Decoction, the Water Extract of Chinese Traditional Herbal Medicine, Enhances Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in A549/DDP Cells through Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy.
Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017:3692797 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Pancreatic Metastasis from Rectal Cancer that was Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA).
Intern Med. 2017; 56(3):301-305 [PubMed] Related Publications
Paclitaxel-releasing mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit in vitro proliferation of human mesothelioma cells.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 87:755-758 [PubMed] Related Publications
METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) were loaded with pemetrexed (PMX) and paclitaxel (PTX) according to a standardized procedure. Drug release by both PMX- and PTX-primed BM-MSCs (BM-MSCs/PMX and BM-MSCs/PTX) was tested on the in vitro proliferation of a panel of tumor cell lines including NCI-H28 mesothelioma.
RESULTS: The in vitro anticancer activity of pure PTX was significantly higher than that of PMX against all the cell lines tested (14.7 times higher than that of PMX against NCI-H28). Whereas BM-MSCs did not take up and release PMX in amounts effective on mesothelioma, PTX-loaded BM-MSCs dramatically inhibited mesothelioma proliferation.
CONCLUSIONS: PTX-primed mesenchymal stromal cells successfully inhibit the in vitro proliferation of human mesothelioma cells. Further studies and in vivo testing are required to confirm our preliminary in vitro results as a potential new mesothelioma therapy based on cell drug delivery.
Relation between tumor FDG uptake and hematologic prognostic indicators in stage I lung cancer patients following curative resection.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(5):e5935 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Chlorella sorokiniana induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells and inhibits xenograft tumor growth in vivo.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017; 17(1):88 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of CS in two human NSCLC cell lines (A549 and CL1-5 human lung adenocarcinoma cells), and its effects on tumor growth in a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model. We also investigated the possible molecular mechanisms governing the pharmacological function of CS.
RESULTS: Our results showed that exposure of the two cell lines to CS resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability. In addition, the percentage of apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that CS might induce apoptosis in human NSCLC cells. Western blot analysis revealed that exposure to CS resulted in increased protein expression of the cleaved/activated forms of caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP, except caspase-8. ZDEVD (caspase-3 inhibitor) and Z-LEHD (caspase-9 inhibitor) were sufficient at preventing apoptosis in both A549 and CL1-5 cells, proving that CS induced cell death via the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Exposure of A549 and CL1-5 cells to CS for 24 h resulted in decreased expression of Bcl-2 protein and increased expression of Bax protein as well as decreased expression of two IAP family proteins, survivin and XIAP.
CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that CS induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in NSCLC cells via downregulation of Bcl-2, XIAP and survivin. In addition, we also found that the tumors growth of subcutaneous xenograft in vivo was markedly inhibited after oral intake of CS.
CACNA1B (Cav2.2) Overexpression and Its Association with Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Unfavorable Prognosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
Dis Markers. 2017; 2017:6136401 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with multiple pure ground-glass opacities: a case report.
J Cardiothorac Surg. 2017; 12(1):2 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old woman was found to have a few shadows with ground glass opacities on chest computed tomography (CT) in 2012. A shadow in right S10 that was initially very small increased in size over time, and was 14 × 8 mm in 2015. Other shadows also appeared. Because lung adenocarcinoma was suspected, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with a right wedge resection of the lower lobe that included the largest nodule in S10 and other nodules. Histopathological examination of the right S10 and other lesions revealed small- or medium-sized lymphocyte-like cells that were located in the alveolar interseptal spaces. The alveolar walls remained intact. Immunohistochemical staining showed that tumor cells were positive for CD20, CD79a, and BCL2 expression. The lesions were diagnosed as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT.
CONCLUSIONS: We think that the ground glass opacities on CT were accounted for by MALT lesions that contained intact alveolar air spaces. The patient has remained well during 12 months of follow up after surgery. Although she did not receive chemotherapy because the MALT lymphoma lesions have been stable without progression, the patient is kept under close observation because of potential progression of the disease.
Reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo1) as a novel diagnostic marker for lung cancer-related malignant effusion.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(4):e5975 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Not only for melanoma. Subcutaneous pseudoprogression in lung squamous-cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab: A case report.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(4):e5951 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS: We present a patient with squamous NSCLC, suffering from multiple bone and subcutaneous metastases.
INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with nivolumab.
OUTCOMES: A subcutaneous lesion in her upper back grew substantially after the first cycle of nivolumab, and later regressed, with marked improvement in all cancer sites.
LESSONS: Such pseudoprogression may serve to predict subsequent clinical response.
Osimertinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2017; 18(2):225-231 [PubMed] Related Publications
Identification of Factors for the Preoperative Prediction of Tumour Subtype and Prognosis in Patients with T1 Lung Adenocarcinoma.
Dis Markers. 2016; 2016:9354680 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Pleural fluid cytology samples in cases of suspected lung cancer: An experience from a tertiary care centre.
Diagn Cytopathol. 2017; 45(3):195-201 [PubMed] Related Publications
METHODS: In this prospective study, 86 cases of suspected primary lung carcinoma associated with pleural effusion were included. Cytomorphology of conventional smears was combined with LBC smears and a cytomorphological diagnosis was offered. An immunopanel of CK7, CK5/6, p63, TTF1, calretinin, and CD56 was applied on cell blocks. Additional immunochemical markers were performed based on clinical details and cytomorphology, wherever indicated.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 56.8 years. The female to male ratio was 2.1:1. Lung nodule/mass could be detected in 70.9% cases by CECT chest. Cytomorphology was evaluated in all the 86 cases and IHC was used to refine the cytomorphological diagnosis. After IHC along with clinico-radiological details, 61/86 (71%) cases were confirmed as metastasis from lung primary, 5/86 (5.8%) were diagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinoma of extrapulmonary origin, and 6/86 (7%) were metastatic SCC. A diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma was suspected in five cases. Other cases included small cell carcinoma (n = 2), large cell carcinoma (n = 2), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (n = 3), and mesothelioma (n = 1). One case remained "uncategorized" even after IHC.
CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed on the pleural fluid sample can accurately diagnose and subtype primary lung carcinoma even in cases where radiology failed to identify a definite lung lesion. IHC can further help in delineating primary site in tumors of extrapulmonary origin. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:195-201. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients: A continuing challenge in the personalized treatment era.
Cancer Treat Rev. 2017; 53:128-137 [PubMed] Related Publications
Targeting KRAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer: A history of failures and a future of hope for a diverse entity.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017; 110:1-12 [PubMed] Related Publications
The Hedgehog Signaling Networks in Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms and Roles in Tumor Progression and Implications for Cancer Therapy.
Biomed Res Int. 2016; 2016:7969286 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications