Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant cells arise in the bladder. Symptoms can include blood in the urine, pain during urination, increased frequency of passing urine, or feeling the need to urinate but with nothing coming out. The bulk of bladder cancers are histlogically classed as transitional cell carcinomas which arise in the uroepithelium (lining of the bladder). Other types include squamous cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas. Treatment will depend on how far the tumour has invaded the surrounding tissues, and if it has spread to other parts of the body. World-wide about 260,000 people are diagnosed with bladder cancer each year.





Information Patients and the Public (16 links)
What You Need To Know About Bladder Cancer
National Cancer Institute
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/wyntk-bladder-cancer
Cancer Research UKCancerHelp information is examined by both expert and lay reviewers. Content is reviewed every 12 to 18 months. Further info.
Cancer.NetContent is peer reviewed and Cancer.Net has an Editorial Board of experts and advocates. Content is reviewed annually or as needed. Further info.
Macmillan Cancer SupportContent is developed by a team of information development nurses and content editors, and reviewed by health professionals. Further info.
NHS ChoicesNHS Choices information is quality assured by experts and content is reviewed at least every 2 years. Further info.
Cancer Research UKCancerHelp information is examined by both expert and lay reviewers. Content is reviewed every 12 to 18 months. Further info.
Statistics for the UK, including incidence, mortality, survival, risk factors and stats related to treatment and symptom relief.
ABC
A charity which works with healthcare professionals, patients, their carers and the general public, to help improve the care of people with bladder cancer through awareness raising, education and research projects
Bladder Cancer
Mayo Clinic
Dr. Jeff Karnes describes symptoms of bladder cancer, diagnosis, and treatment options. Dr. Karnes also discusses risk factors for bladder cancer.
Founded in September 2009, Bladder Cancer Canada is a patient advocacy organization dedicated to bladder cancer issues. Bladder Cancer Canada is a Canadian registered charitable non-profit corporation.
Association for International Cancer Research
Patient produced site with information and support resources.
Bladder cancer: a guide for patients
European Society for Medical Oncology
Oncolink
ACOR
Discussion and support list for Bladder Cancer & Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Blæreforeningen | Danish Bladder Society - Dansk - English
An association of individuals with bladder cancer, bladder polyps / papillomas and their relatives.
David I. Quinn, MD: Bladder Cancer 101
American Society of Clinical Oncology
Dr. David Quinn, a bladder cancer expert, gives us an educational overview of bladder cancer. Risk factors, signs and symptoms and diagnosis. This 8 minute video interview was filmed at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting in Chicago 2012.
Information for Health Professionals / Researchers (8 links)
- PubMed search for publications about Bladder Cancer - Limit search to: [Reviews]
PubMed Central search for free-access publications about Bladder Cancer
MeSH term: Urinary Bladder NeoplasmsUS National Library of Medicine
PubMed has over 22 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Constantly updated.
National Cancer InstitutePDQ summaries are written and frequently updated by editorial boards of experts Further info.
Cancer Research UKCancerHelp information is examined by both expert and lay reviewers. Content is reviewed every 12 to 18 months. Further info.
Statistics for the UK, including incidence, mortality, survival, risk factors and stats related to treatment and symptom relief.
NHS EvidenceRegularly updated and reviewed. Further info.
Oncolex
Detailed reference article covering etiology, histology, staging, metastatic patterns, symptoms, differential diagnoses, prognosis, treatment and follow-up.
Patient UK
Clinical Trials - Bladder Cancer
National Cancer Institute
Search of the NCI's database of 12,000+ clinical trials from around the world.
SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Bladder
SEER, National Cancer Institute
Overview and specific fact sheets on incidence and mortality, survival and stage,
lifetime risk, and prevalence.
Latest Research Publications
This list of publications is regularly updated (Source: PubMed).
Anticancer sulfonamide hybrids that inhibit bladder cancer cells growth and migration as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2019; 34(1):1380-1387 [PubMed] Related Publications
The impact of age on intravesical instillation of Bacille Calmette-Guerin treatment in patients with high-grade T1 bladder cancer.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98(31):e16223 [PubMed] Related Publications
Possible correlation of sonic hedgehog signaling with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in muscle-invasive bladder cancer progression.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2019; 145(9):2261-2271 [PubMed] Related Publications
METHODS: We cultured three bladder cancer cell lines, muscle-invasive T24 and 5637, and non-muscle-invasive KK47, in the presence of a recombinant-Shh (r-Shh) protein or cyclopamine, a Shh signaling inhibitor, to investigate proliferation and expression of EMT markers. Wound-healing assays and transwell assay were performed to evaluate cell invasion and migration. Mice were then inoculated with bladder cancer cells and treated with cyclopamine. Mouse tumor samples were stained for Shh signaling and EMT markers.
RESULTS: R-Shh protein enhanced cell proliferation, whereas cyclopamine significantly suppressed cell proliferation, especially in invasive cancer (5637 and T24) (p < 0.05). R-Shh protein promoted EMT, suppressed E-cadherin and enhanced N-cadherin and vimentin and Gli1, an Shh downstream molecule, while cyclopamine blocked EMT, especially in 5637 and T24. Cyclopamine also inhibited cell invasion and migration in vitro. In the animal study, intraperitoneal injection of cyclopamine significantly suppressed tumor growth in 5637 and T24 in mice (p = 0.01 and p = 0.004, respectively) and slightly suppressing KK47 tumor growth (p = 0.298). Significant cyclopamine-induced suppression of Gli1 in 5637 and T24 mouse tumors (both p = 0.03) was seen, suggesting that muscle-invasive bladder cancer may be more dependent on Shh signaling than non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: Shh signaling and EMT were especially enhanced in muscle-invasive bladder cancer progression and invasion, and suppressed by the inhibition of Shh signaling.
Predictive Factors for Residual Cancer in Second Transurethral Resection for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2019; 39(8):4325-4328 [PubMed] Related Publications
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent second TURs for NMIBC between 2015 and 2017, were included in the study and their clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed for predictors of residual cancer.
RESULTS: Among 143 Japanese patients whose tumors were initially diagnosed as high-risk NMIBC, residual cancers detected at second TURs were, Tis: n=22 (15.4%), Ta: n=15 (10.5%) and T1: n=29 (20.3%). No patients showed up-staging from NMIBC to MIBC. The presence of carcinoma-in situ at initial TUR was an independent risk factor for any residual cancer (Tis, Ta and T1), non-flat residual cancer (Ta and T1), and flat residual cancer (Tis).
CONCLUSION: The presence of carcinoma-in situ is suggested to be an independent predictor of residual cancer. This may help guide decisions to perform second TUR.
Predicting recurrence of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (Ta-T1): A study based on 477 patients.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98(28):e16426 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
IMP3 is a biomarker for non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder associated with an aggressive phenotype.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98(27):e16009 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Amentoflavone Induces Apoptosis and Reduces Expression of Anti-apoptotic and Metastasis-associated Proteins in Bladder Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2019; 39(7):3641-3649 [PubMed] Related Publications
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Herein, we evaluated amentoflavone effects in a human bladder cancer cell line TSGH8301 in vitro.
RESULTS: Amentoflavone caused significant cytotoxicity in TSGH8301 cells at a concentration as low as 200 μM. FAS/FASL-dependent extrinsic apoptosis and mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptosis were observed in amentoflavone-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. Levels of several proapoptotic proteins, such as FAS, FAS-ligand and BAX (B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X) were increased following amentoflavone treatment. Meanwhile, anti-apoptotic MCL-1 (myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1) and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (C-FLIP) protein levels were reduced. Additionally, angiogenesis and proliferation-related proteins, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), urokinase-type plasminogen actvator (uPA) and cyclin D1 were diminished by amentoflavone.
CONCLUSION: Amentoflavone induced toxicity of bladder cancer by inhibiting tumor progression and inducing apoptosis signaling transduction.
MiR-101 acts as a novel bio-marker in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98(26):e16051 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Sulforaphane Inhibits Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Cells Proliferation through Suppression of HIF-1α-Mediated Glycolysis in Hypoxia.
J Agric Food Chem. 2019; 67(28):7844-7854 [PubMed] Related Publications
Expression of miR-100 and miR-138 as prognostic biomarkers in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
APMIS. 2019; 127(8):545-553 [PubMed] Related Publications
Prognosis of carcinoma in situ according to the presence of papillary bladder tumors after bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2019; 145(8):2131-2140 [PubMed] Related Publications
METHODS: This study comprised a consecutive cohort of 254 patients (primary CIS: 66 patients, stage Ta-CIS: 52 patients, and stage T1-CIS: 136 patients) with CIS-associated bladder cancer. We classified CIS according to the pathological pattern of papillary tumors and analyzed prognostic factors, including CIS classification, for progression. We evaluated progression using two endpoints: infiltrative tumors detected at stage T1 or higher or at stage T2 or higher. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy response was defined as no recurrence within 6 months.
RESULTS: Both the BCG immunotherapy response and CIS classification were significant prognostic factors for both the endpoints. Patients with CIS-associated stage Ta urinary bladder cancer had better prognosis for both the endpoints than those with stage T1 cancer or those with primary CIS. BCG immunotherapy response (p < 0.001) and age (p = 0.007) were also significant prognostic factors for the progression of stage T2 or higher infiltrative tumors. The prognosis of patients with recurrent primary CIS (12/26, 46.2%) and T1-CIS (25/45, 55.6%) was poor for progression; distant metastasis occurred in approximately 40% of these patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should consider radical surgery for poor prognosis in patients with recurrent CIS-associated T1 cancer or primary CIS. The CIS classification according to the tumor pattern reflects the prognosis.
Resection of the urinary bladder for locally advanced colorectal cancer: a retrospective comparison of partial versus total cystectomy.
BMC Surg. 2019; 19(1):63 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
METHODS: The study included 90 patients who underwent various degrees of cystectomy between 1993 and 2013 to treat locally advanced primary colorectal cancer that was suspected of involving the urinary bladder. Patients in whom total cystectomy was performed solely because of prostate-invading lower rectal cancer were excluded. Data on patient characteristics and their short- and long-term outcomes were collected retrospectively to evaluate differences between partial cystectomy (the P group; n = 72) and total cystectomy (the T group; n = 18). Postoperative and oncologic outcomes were also analyzed.
RESULTS: The T group had significantly greater operating times than the P group (median, 572 vs. 346 min); blood loss volume was also greater in the T group (median, 3092 vs. 1112 mL). The postoperative overall complication rate was significantly greater in the T group than in the P group (94.4% vs. 51.4%). With a median follow-up duration of 62 months, local recurrences were observed in 22.2 and 6.9% of patients in the T and P groups, respectively. On multivariate Cox regression analyses using partial cystectomy as the reference, total cystectomy was independently associated with poorer local recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 4.0 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-15.0), relapse-free survival (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-6.9), and overall survival (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.3).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients who undergo en bloc total cystectomy for locally advanced colorectal cancers have worse postoperative and oncologic outcomes than those who undergo partial cystectomy.
A Molecular Beacon Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanotag for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer.
J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2019; 15(7):1589-1597 [PubMed] Related Publications
Long non-coding RNA DILC suppresses bladder cancer cells progression.
Gene. 2019; 710:193-201 [PubMed] Related Publications
Urinary metabolomic signature of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A multiplatform approach.
Talanta. 2019; 202:572-579 [PubMed] Related Publications
Analysis of ceRNA network identifies prognostic circRNA biomarkers in bladder cancer.
Neoplasma. 2019; 2019 [PubMed] Related Publications
Clinicopathological characteristics of ypT0N0 urothelial carcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cystectomy.
J Clin Pathol. 2019; 72(8):550-553 [PubMed] Related Publications
METHODS: 41 patients with ypT0N0 disease following transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), NAC and RC with available clinical follow-up information were analysed. Slides from all RCs were reviewed to confirm pathological stage and assess for morphological parameters (eg, foreign body giant cell reaction, dystrophic calcification, scar and fat necrosis).
RESULTS: With median follow-up of 32.8 months, the recurrence-free survival at 1 and 5 years was 97.4% and 93.5%, while the overall survival at 3 and 5 years was 94.2% and 88.6%, respectively. No patients died of urothelial carcinoma. Stage assigned at TURBT was 1 pTa (2%), 1 pT1 (2%), 38 pT2 (93%) and 1 pT3a (2%). 17 TURBTs demonstrated variant histology, with the majority of these being squamous (65%). The most common morphological features present at RC were scar (100%), foreign body giant cell reaction (80%), chronic inflammation within lamina propria (68%) and dystrophic calcifications (39%). Other morphological features were less common or absent.
CONCLUSION: ypT0N0 disease at RC portends an excellent prognosis, regardless of stage or variant histology in the TURBT; scar, foreign body giant cell reaction, chronic inflammation and dystrophic calcifications are often present.
Exosomes containing ErbB2/CRK induce vascular growth in premetastatic niches and promote metastasis of bladder cancer.
Cancer Sci. 2019; 110(7):2119-2132 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
SORLA regulates endosomal trafficking and oncogenic fitness of HER2.
Nat Commun. 2019; 10(1):2340 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Urothelial Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019; 1139:127-151 [PubMed] Related Publications
PD-L1 expression and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with checkpoint inhibitors: A meta-analysis.
Cancer Treat Rev. 2019; 76:51-56 [PubMed] Related Publications
OBJECTIVE: To determine if PD-L1 expression is a prognostic factor of objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with urothelial carcinoma being treated with checkpoint inhibitors.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A search of PubMed and major conference proceedings identified trials of PD-L1 inhibitors as first- or second-line therapies for metastatic bladder cancer. Odds ratios (OR) for ORR and OS compared PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative patients. Data were weighted and pooled in a meta-analysis, and subgroup analyses compared PD-L1 status cut-offs.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Ten studies comprising 2755 patients were identified, of which 2030 patients (74%) received immune checkpoint inhibitors. Eight studies were eligible for ORR analysis (1530 patients) and five studies for OS (829 patients). PD-L1 patients had a significantly higher ORR than PD-L1 negative patients (1.82, 95%CI 1.18-2.77; p = 0.007). Weighted mean OS was 11.5 months (range 8.7-15.9 months). PD-L1 status was not prognostic for 12 month OS (OR = 0.81, 95%CI 0.47-1.40; p = 0.45).
CONCLUSION: In patients treated with PD-L1 inhibitors for metastatic urothelial carcinoma, PD-L1 status is prognostic for ORR but not OS. Our findings warrant additional investigation.
PATIENT SUMMARY: Five immunotherapy drugs are approved for bladder cancer therapy. PD-L1 expression predicts higher ORR but not OS. More data is needed to identify the patient population most benefitted by immunotherapy.
Jarid2 enhances the progression of bladder cancer through regulating PTEN/AKT signaling.
Life Sci. 2019; 230:162-168 [PubMed] Related Publications
MAIN METHODS: Jarid2 expression in bladder cancer tissues and cells were determined by western blotting and RT-PCR. CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell chamber and in vivo xenograft assays were performed to assess cell growth, apoptosis, migration and tumorigenesis, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to assess the methylation of PTEN.
KEY FINDINGS: Jarid2 expression was increased in bladder cancer tissues and cells. Downregulation of Jarid2 with shRNA transfection obviously inhibited the proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis of bladder cancer T24 and HT-1376 cells and induced cell apoptosis. Jarid2 downregulation decreased the expression of p-AKT and increased PTEN expression. Besides, Jarid2 down-regulation repressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas knockdown of PTEN impaired this effect. Moreover, upregulation of Jarid2 increased the combination of PTEN promoter and H3K27me3, and 5-aza-CdR rescued it. Meanwhile, 5-aza-CdR administration abolished Jarid2 roles in the promotion of EMT process and AKT activation, as well as the reduction of PTEN expression.
SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, the present study elaborated that Jarid2 facilitated the progression of bladder cancer through H3K27me3-mediated PTEN downregulation and AKT activation, which might provide a new mechanism for Jarid2 in promoting bladder cancer progression.
Tumor-associated macrophages promote bladder tumor growth through PI3K/AKT signal induced by collagen.
Cancer Sci. 2019; 110(7):2110-2118 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 5:CD010127 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of perioperative nutrition in people undergoing radical cystectomy for the treatment of bladder cancer.
SEARCH METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search using multiple databases (Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, CINAHL), trials registries, other sources of grey literature, and conference proceedings published up to 22 February 2019, with no restrictions on the language or status of publication.
SELECTION CRITERIA: We included parallel-group randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults undergoing RC for bladder cancer. The intervention was any perioperative nutrition support.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and the quality of evidence using GRADE. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications at 90 days and length of hospital stay. The secondary outcome was mortality up to 90 days after surgery. When 90-day outcome data were not available, we reported 30-day data.
MAIN RESULTS: The search identified eight trials including 500 participants. Six trials were conducted in the USA and two in Europe.1. Parenteral nutrition (PN) versus oral nutrition: based on one study with 157 participants, PN may increase postoperative complications within 30 days (risk ratio (RR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 1.82; low-quality evidence). We downgraded the quality of evidence for serious study limitations (unclear risk of selection, performance and selective reporting bias) and serious imprecision. This corresponds to 198 more complications per 1000 participants (95% CI 35 more to 405 more). Length of hospital stay may be similar (mean difference (MD) 0.5 days higher, CI not reported; low-quality evidence).2. Immuno-enhancing nutrition versus standard nutrition: based on one study including 29 participants, immuno-enhancing nutrition may reduce 90-day postoperative complications (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.23; low-quality evidence). These findings correspond to 322 fewer complications per 1000 participants (95% CI 429 fewer to 107 more). Length of hospital stay may be similar (MD 0.20 days, 95% CI 1.69 lower to 2.09 higher; low-quality evidence). We downgraded the quality of evidence of both outcomes for very serious imprecision.3. Preoperative oral nutritional support versus normal diet: based on one study including 28 participants, we are very uncertain if preoperative oral supplements reduces postoperative complications. We downgraded quality for serious study limitations (unclear risk of selection, performance, attrition and selective reporting bias) and very serious imprecision. The study did not report on length of hospital stay.4. Early postoperative feeding versus standard postoperative management: based on one study with 102 participants, early postoperative feeding may increase postoperative complications (very low-quality evidence) but we are very uncertain of this finding. We downgraded the quality of evidence for serious study limitations (unclear risk of selection and performance bias) and very serious imprecision. Length of hospital stay may be similar (MD 0.95 days less, CI not reported; low-quality evidence). We downgraded the quality of evidence for serious study limitations (unclear risk of selection and performance bias) and serious imprecision.5. Amino acid with dextrose versus dextrose: based on two studies with 104 participants, we are very uncertain whether amino acids reduce postoperative complications (very low-quality evidence). We are also very uncertain whether length of hospital stay is similar (very low-quality evidence). We downgraded the quality of evidence for both outcomes for serious study limitations (unclear and high risk of selection bias; unclear risk of performance, detection and selective reporting bias), serious indirectness related to the patient population and very serious imprecision.6. Branch chain amino acids versus dextrose only: based on one study including 19 participants, we are very uncertain whether complication rates are similar (very low-quality evidence). We downgraded the quality of evidence for serious study limitations (unclear risk of selection, performance, detection, attrition and selective reporting bias), serious indirectness related to the patient population and very serious imprecision. The study did not report on length of hospital stay.7. Perioperative oral nutritional supplements versus oral multivitamin and mineral supplement: based on one study with 61 participants, oral supplements compared to a multivitamin and mineral supplement may slightly decrease postoperative complications (low-quality evidence). These findings correspond to 135 fewer occurrences per 1000 participants (95% CI 256 fewer to 65 more). Length of hospital stay may be similar (low-quality evidence). We downgraded the quality of evidence of both outcomes for study limitations and imprecision.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based on few, small and dated studies, with serious methodological limitations, we found limited evidence for a benefit of perioperative nutrition interventions. We rated the quality of evidence as low or very low, which underscores the urgent need for high-quality research studies to better inform nutritional support interventions for people undergoing surgery for bladder cancer.
KIF20A Affects the Prognosis of Bladder Cancer by Promoting the Proliferation and Metastasis of Bladder Cancer Cells.
Dis Markers. 2019; 2019:4863182 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Methods: Bladder cancer tissue and its adjacent tissues were collected from tumour patients. The mRNA and protein expression levels of KIF20A in the tissue samples were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to identify the expression and distribution of KIF20A proteins in the tissue samples. The relationship between the KIF20A expression and the clinical pathology of bladder cancer was analysed. The effect of the differential expression of KIF20A on the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer was analysed by the TCGA database. The plasmid was transfected into the bladder cell lines T24 and 5637 to construct two stable cell lines with knocked down KIF20A. The effect of KIF20A expression on the proliferation and invasion of T24 and 5637 bladder cells was explored in vitro using the abovementioned stable cell lines. The effect of the KIF20A expression on the proliferation of bladder cancer cells was evaluated by a mouse xenograft model.
Results: The expression of KIF20A was significantly higher in the bladder cancer tissues than in the adjacent control tissues. The expression of KIF20A was significantly associated with the degree of pathological differentiation of bladder cancer. Patients with a higher expression of KIF20A had a higher tumour grade and a more advanced stage. The mean survival of patients with a high KIF20A expression was significantly lower than the mean survival of patients with a low KIF20A expression. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the knockdown of KIF20A significantly inhibited T24 and 5637 cell proliferation and invasion. The in vivo experiments showed that the knockdown of KIF20A significantly inhibited the proliferation of the bladder tumours.
Conclusion: KIF20A promotes the proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer cells. Bladder cancer patients with a high KIF20A expression have a worse tumour differentiation and a poor prognosis. KIF20A may become an independent factor that affects the prognosis of bladder cancer patients and a therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
The Pathological Significance and Prognostic Roles of Thrombospondin-1, and -2, and 4N1K-peptide in Bladder Cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2019; 39(5):2317-2324 [PubMed] Related Publications
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-hundred and six bladder cancer tissues were examined for expression of TSP-1, TSP-2, and 4N1K-peptide by immunohistochemistry. Cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 immunoreactivity were also examined.
RESULTS: Expression of TSP-2 and 4N1K-peptide was negatively associated with T stage, metastasis, and grade. TSP-2 expression was negatively associated with cancer cell proliferation and MMP-9 expression, whereas 4N1K-peptide was significantly associated with apoptosis, angiogenesis, and MMP-9 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that 4N1K-peptide expression was a significant predictor of metastasis (hazard ratio=3.90, p=0.002).
CONCLUSION: TSP-2 and 4N1K peptide played important roles in malignant aggressiveness and progression of bladder cancer via complex mechanisms involving cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and MMP-9.
Prognostic Significance of the Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio in Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: A Meta-Analysis of 5638 Individuals.
Dis Markers. 2019; 2019:7593560 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases were comprehensively searched for relevant studies. A meta-analysis of overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), or cancer-specific survival (CSS) clinicopathological features was conducted.
Results: Nine studies containing 5,638 cancer patients were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Patients with high LMR tended to have favourable OS (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50-0.80,
Conclusion: Pretreatment LMR might be a useful predictor of survival outcomes in patients with bladder cancer.
Collagen-rich airway smooth muscle cells are a metastatic niche for tumor colonization in the lung.
Nat Commun. 2019; 10(1):2131 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Evaluation of pro‑ and anti‑tumor effects induced by three colony‑stimulating factors, G‑CSF, GM‑CSF and M‑CSF, in bladder cancer cells: Is G‑CSF a friend of bladder cancer cells?
Int J Oncol. 2019; 54(6):2237-2249 [PubMed] Related Publications
MicroRNA-143/Musashi-2/KRAS cascade contributes positively to carcinogenesis in human bladder cancer.
Cancer Sci. 2019; 110(7):2189-2199 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications