Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome
Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder (diseases which occur only with 2 copies of an abnormal gene - one inherited from both parents). Symptoms include early photosensitivity and poikilodermatous skin changes, juvenile cataracts and skeletal dysplasias. RTS can be sub-divided according to whether the person has genetic mutations of the RECQL4 gene. Children with Type 2 RTS, who do have mutations in RECQL4, have an increased risk of developing cancer, and in particular a predisposition to osteosarcoma and skin cancer.
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Information for Patients and the Public Information for Health Professionals / Researchers Research Publications: RTS and CancerInformation Patients and the Public (6 links)
Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome Foundation
A non-profit organization incorporated in 2009. Provides support to RTS families worldwide, promotes awareness and education about RTS and related disorders, and support research of the RTS spectrum, molecular and cellular basis of RECQL4 and related syndromes.
National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias
NFED was founded in 1981 and provides information and support for ectodermal dysplasias - a wide range of inherited disorders that involve defects in the hair, nails, sweat glands and teeth - including RTS.
Genetics Home Reference - National Library of Medicine
Overview and questions and answers.
National Organization for Rare Disorders
Detailed overview of RTS.
Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers
RTS Foundation
RTS Foundation
Video including children with RTS and their families and an overview from a medical expert. Includes John and Helen who ralk about their daughter Victoria, who inspired the RTS Foundation.
Information for Health Professionals / Researchers (6 links)
- PubMed search for publications about Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome - Limit search to: [Reviews]
PubMed Central search for free-access publications about Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome
MeSH term: Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome US National Library of Medicine
PubMed has over 22 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Constantly updated.
DermNet NZ
Information about RTS including pictures of clinical symptoms such as early poikiloderma. Includes list of affected organs, complications and clinical management.
GeneReviews
Detailed referenced article by Lisa L Wang, MD and Sharon E Plon, MD. Includes differential diagnosis, clinical management, genetics counseling and references.
Medscape
Detailed referenced article by Sylvia Hsu, MD covering presentation, diagnosis, workup, treatment and follow-up.
OMIM
RTS Medical Information by Dr. Lisa Wang
Derailed overview of RTS, and research including information about risk of osteosarcoma in RTS.
Research Publications: RTS and Cancer
Salih A, Inoue S, Onwuzurike N
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) with osteosarcoma due to
BMJ Case Rep. 2018; 2018 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) with osteosarcoma due to
BMJ Case Rep. 2018; 2018 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with clinical features consisting of poikiloderma, skeletal abnormalities, sparse hair, absent or scanty eyelashes and eyebrows and short stature. Patients with RTS due to genetic mutations of
Related: 
Osteosarcoma RECQL4
Osteosarcoma RECQL4
Mo D, Zhao Y, Balajee AS
Human RecQL4 helicase plays multifaceted roles in the genomic stability of normal and cancer cells.
Cancer Lett. 2018; 413:1-10 [PubMed] Related Publications
Human RecQL4 helicase plays multifaceted roles in the genomic stability of normal and cancer cells.
Cancer Lett. 2018; 413:1-10 [PubMed] Related Publications
Human RecQ helicases that share homology with E. coli RecQ helicase play critical roles in diverse biological activities such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair. Mutations in three of the five human RecQ helicases (RecQ1, WRN, BLM, RecQL4 and RecQ5) result in autosomal recessive syndromes characterized by accelerated aging symptoms and cancer incidence. Mutational inactivation of Werner (WRN) and Bloom (BLM) genes results in Werner syndrome (WS) and Bloom syndrome (BS) respectively. However, mutations in RecQL4 result in three human disorders: (I) Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), (II) RAPADILINO and (III) Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS). Cells from WS, BS and RTS are characterized by a unique chromosomal anomaly indicating that each of the RecQ helicases performs specialized function(s) in a non-redundant manner. Elucidating the biological functions of RecQ helicases will enable us to understand not only the aging process but also to determine the cause for age-associated human diseases. Recent biochemical and molecular studies have given new insights into the multifaceted roles of RecQL4 that range from genomic stability to carcinogenesis and beyond. This review summarizes some of the existing and emerging knowledge on diverse biological functions of RecQL4 and its significance as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy.
Giordano CN, Yew YW, Spivak G, Lim HW
Understanding photodermatoses associated with defective DNA repair: Syndromes with cancer predisposition.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016; 75(5):855-870 [PubMed] Related Publications
Understanding photodermatoses associated with defective DNA repair: Syndromes with cancer predisposition.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016; 75(5):855-870 [PubMed] Related Publications
Hereditary photodermatoses are a spectrum of rare photosensitive disorders that are often caused by genetic deficiency or malfunction of various components of the DNA repair pathway. This results clinically in extreme photosensitivity, with many syndromes exhibiting an increased risk of cutaneous malignancies. This review will focus specifically on the syndromes with malignant potential, including xeroderma pigmentosum, Bloom syndrome, and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. The typical phenotypic findings of each disorder will be examined and contrasted, including noncutaneous identifiers to aid in diagnosis. The management of these patients will also be discussed. At this time, the mainstay of therapy remains strict photoprotection; however, genetic therapies are under investigation.
Kumari J, Hussain M, De S, et al.
Mitochondrial functions of RECQL4 are required for the prevention of aerobic glycolysis-dependent cell invasion.
J Cell Sci. 2016; 129(7):1312-8 [PubMed] Related Publications
Mitochondrial functions of RECQL4 are required for the prevention of aerobic glycolysis-dependent cell invasion.
J Cell Sci. 2016; 129(7):1312-8 [PubMed] Related Publications
Germline mutations in RECQL4 helicase are associated with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, which is characterized by a predisposition to cancer. RECQL4 localizes to the mitochondria, where it acts as an accessory factor during mitochondrial DNA replication. To understand the specific mitochondrial functions of RECQL4, we created isogenic cell lines, in which the mitochondrial localization of the helicase was either retained or abolished. The mitochondrial integrity was affected due to the absence of RECQL4 in mitochondria, leading to a decrease in F1F0-ATP synthase activity. In cells where RECQL4 does not localize to mitochondria, the membrane potential was decreased, whereas ROS levels increased due to the presence of high levels of catalytically inactive SOD2. Inactive SOD2 accumulated owing to diminished SIRT3 activity. Lack of the mitochondrial functions of RECQL4 led to aerobic glycolysis that, in turn, led to an increased invasive capability within these cells. Together, this study demonstrates for the first time that, owing to its mitochondrial functions, the accessory mitochondrial replication helicase RECQL4 prevents the invasive step in the neoplastic transformation process.
Jen M, Nallasamy S
Ocular manifestations of genetic skin disorders.
Clin Dermatol. 2016 Mar-Apr; 34(2):242-75 [PubMed] Related Publications
Ocular manifestations of genetic skin disorders.
Clin Dermatol. 2016 Mar-Apr; 34(2):242-75 [PubMed] Related Publications
Genetic skin diseases, or genodermatoses, often have extracutaneous manifestations. Ocular manifestations in particular can have significant clinical implications, like blindness. Other manifestations, such as the corneal opacities that occur in X-linked ichthyosis, are asymptomatic but characteristic of a particular genodermatosis. Ophthalmologic examination can aid in diagnosis when characteristic findings are seen. The genodermatoses with ocular manifestations will be reviewed, but neurocutaneous, syndromes, genetic pigmentary disorders, and genetic metabolic diseases are not included because they are covered elsewhere in this issue.
Zils K, Klingebiel T, Behnisch W, et al.
Osteosarcoma in patients with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015; 32(1):32-40 [PubMed] Related Publications
Osteosarcoma in patients with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015; 32(1):32-40 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is associated with an increased risk of osteosarcoma, but information about affected patients is limited.
PROCEDURE: Seven patients with osteosarcoma, treated in the Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group-trials, had a diagnosis of RTS. Their patient-, tumor- and treatment-related variables and outcome were reviewed retrospectively.
RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis of osteosarcoma was 13 years (range 7-16), five were female, two male. Tumor involved proximal tibia (n = 4), distal tibia (n = 1), distal fibula (n = 1) and proximal ulna (n = 1). Three patients had metastatic disease at diagnosis. All patients received surgery and chemotherapy. Four of seven patients required dose modifications and three of them terminated treatment prematurely. Complete resection of the primary tumor was achieved in all individuals. Two of three affected patients failed to achieve surgical clearance of their primary metastases and died. The third patient relapsed with multiple metastases and died. Two of four patients with localized disease were alive in first complete remission, a third patient in second complete remission after recurrence and a fourth patient died of acute leukemia, while still in first complete remission of osteosarcoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with RTS and osteosarcoma may be cured of their cancer with appropriate multimodal therapy. They should be treated like other osteosarcoma patients but preexisting disorders, needs for special support and development of toxicities have to be considered.
PROCEDURE: Seven patients with osteosarcoma, treated in the Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group-trials, had a diagnosis of RTS. Their patient-, tumor- and treatment-related variables and outcome were reviewed retrospectively.
RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis of osteosarcoma was 13 years (range 7-16), five were female, two male. Tumor involved proximal tibia (n = 4), distal tibia (n = 1), distal fibula (n = 1) and proximal ulna (n = 1). Three patients had metastatic disease at diagnosis. All patients received surgery and chemotherapy. Four of seven patients required dose modifications and three of them terminated treatment prematurely. Complete resection of the primary tumor was achieved in all individuals. Two of three affected patients failed to achieve surgical clearance of their primary metastases and died. The third patient relapsed with multiple metastases and died. Two of four patients with localized disease were alive in first complete remission, a third patient in second complete remission after recurrence and a fourth patient died of acute leukemia, while still in first complete remission of osteosarcoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with RTS and osteosarcoma may be cured of their cancer with appropriate multimodal therapy. They should be treated like other osteosarcoma patients but preexisting disorders, needs for special support and development of toxicities have to be considered.
Related: Bone Cancers Osteosarcoma
Bone Cancers Osteosarcoma
Lu L, Jin W, Liu H, Wang LL
RECQ DNA helicases and osteosarcoma.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014; 804:129-45 [PubMed] Related Publications
RECQ DNA helicases and osteosarcoma.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014; 804:129-45 [PubMed] Related Publications
The RECQ family of DNA helicases is a conserved group of enzymes that are important for maintaining genomic integrity. In humans, there are five RECQ helicase genes, and mutations in three of them-BLM, WRN, and RECQL4-are associated with the genetic disorders Bloom syndrome, Werner syndrome, and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), respectively. Importantly all three diseases are cancer predisposition syndromes. Patients with RTS are highly and uniquely susceptible to developing osteosarcoma; thus, RTS provides a good model to study the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. The "tumor suppressor" role of RECQL4 and the other RECQ helicases is an area of active investigation. This chapter reviews what is currently known about the cellular functions of RECQL4 and how these may relate to tumorigenesis, as well as ongoing efforts to understand RECQL4's functions in vivo using animal models. Understanding the RECQ pathways may provide insight into avenues for novel cancer therapies in the future.
Gupta S, De S, Srivastava V, et al.
RECQL4 and p53 potentiate the activity of polymerase γ and maintain the integrity of the human mitochondrial genome.
Carcinogenesis. 2014; 35(1):34-45 [PubMed] Related Publications
RECQL4 and p53 potentiate the activity of polymerase γ and maintain the integrity of the human mitochondrial genome.
Carcinogenesis. 2014; 35(1):34-45 [PubMed] Related Publications
UNLABELLED: Germline mutations in RECQL4 and p53 lead to cancer predisposition syndromes, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) and Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), respectively. RECQL4 is essential for the transport of p53 to the mitochondria under unstressed conditions. Here, we show that both RECQL4 and p53 interact with mitochondrial polymerase (PolγA/B2) and regulate its binding to the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (D-loop). Both RECQL4 and p53 bind to the exonuclease and polymerase domains of PolγA. Kinetic constants for interactions between PolγA-RECQL4, PolγA-p53 and PolγB-p53 indicate that RECQL4 and p53 are accessory factors for PolγA-PolγB and PolγA-DNA interactions. RECQL4 enhances the binding of PolγA to DNA, thereby potentiating the exonuclease and polymerization activities of PolγA/B2. To investigate whether lack of RECQL4 and p53 results in increased mitochondrial genome instability, resequencing of the entire mitochondrial genome was undertaken from multiple RTS and LFS patient fibroblasts. We found multiple somatic mutations and polymorphisms in both RTS and LFS patient cells. A significant number of mutations and polymorphisms were common between RTS and LFS patients. These changes are associated with either aging and/or cancer, thereby indicating that the phenotypes associated with these syndromes may be due to deregulation of mitochondrial genome stability caused by the lack of RECQL4 and p53.
SUMMARY: The biochemical mechanisms by which RECQL4 and p53 affect mtDNA replication have been elucidated. Resequencing of RTS and LFS patients' mitochondrial genome reveals common mutations indicating similar mechanisms of regulation by RECQL4 and p53.
SUMMARY: The biochemical mechanisms by which RECQL4 and p53 affect mtDNA replication have been elucidated. Resequencing of RTS and LFS patients' mitochondrial genome reveals common mutations indicating similar mechanisms of regulation by RECQL4 and p53.
Castori M, Morrone A, Kanitakis J, Grammatico P
Genetic skin diseases predisposing to basal cell carcinoma.
Eur J Dermatol. 2012 May-Jun; 22(3):299-309 [PubMed] Related Publications
Genetic skin diseases predisposing to basal cell carcinoma.
Eur J Dermatol. 2012 May-Jun; 22(3):299-309 [PubMed] Related Publications
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest cancer in humans. Predisposing factors reflect common genetic variations and environmental influences in most cases. However, an underlying Mendelian disorder should be suspected in a specific subset of patients, namely those with multiple, early onset lesions. Some specific conditions, including Gorlin, Bazex-Dupré-Christol and Rombo syndromes, and Xeroderma Pigmentosum, show BCC as a prominent feature. In addition, BCC may represent a relatively common, although less specific, finding in many other genodermatoses. These include disorders of DNA replication/repair functions (Bloom, Werner, Rothmund-Thomson and Muir-Torre syndromes), genodermatoses affecting the folliculo-sebaceus unit (Brooke-Spiegler, Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge and Cowden syndromes), immune response (cartilage-hair hypoplasia and epidermodysplasia verruciformis) and melanin biosynthesis (oculocutaneous albinism and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome), and some epidermal nevus syndromes. Further conditions occasionally associated with BCCs exist, but the significance of the association remains to be proven.
Monnat RJ
Human RECQ helicases: roles in DNA metabolism, mutagenesis and cancer biology.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2010; 20(5):329-39 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Human RECQ helicases: roles in DNA metabolism, mutagenesis and cancer biology.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2010; 20(5):329-39 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Helicases use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to separate double-stranded nucleic acids to facilitate essential processes such as replication, recombination, transcription and repair. This article focuses on the human RECQ helicase gene and protein family. Loss of function of three different members has been shown to cause Bloom syndrome (BS), Werner syndrome (WS) and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS). This article outlines clinical and cellular features of these cancer predisposition syndromes, and discusses their pathogenesis in light of our understanding of RECQ helicase biochemical activities and in vivo functions. I also discuss the emerging role for RECQ helicases as predictors of disease risk and the response to therapy.
Simon T, Kohlhase J, Wilhelm C, et al.
Multiple malignant diseases in a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome with RECQL4 mutations: Case report and literature review.
Am J Med Genet A. 2010; 152A(6):1575-9 [PubMed] Related Publications
Multiple malignant diseases in a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome with RECQL4 mutations: Case report and literature review.
Am J Med Genet A. 2010; 152A(6):1575-9 [PubMed] Related Publications
RECQL4 mutations cause genetic instability and increase the risk of malignant disease. We report on a patient with compound heterozygosity for two novel RECQL4 mutations: mutation c.1919_1924delTCACAG, p.L640_A642delinsP in exon 12 of the RECQL4 gene and mutation c.1704+1G>A in intron 10 of the RECQL4 gene. He subsequently developed large cell anaplastic T cell lymphoma at the age of 9 years, diffuse large cell B lymphoma and osteosarcoma when he was 14 years old, and finally acute lymphatic leukemia when he was 21 years old. The most remarkable clinical features are young age, spontaneous remission of diffuse large cell lymphoma, and severe CNS and skin toxicity of cytotoxic treatment.
Debeljak M, Zver A, Jazbec J
A patient with Baller-Gerold syndrome and midline NK/T lymphoma.
Am J Med Genet A. 2009; 149A(4):755-9 [PubMed] Related Publications
A patient with Baller-Gerold syndrome and midline NK/T lymphoma.
Am J Med Genet A. 2009; 149A(4):755-9 [PubMed] Related Publications
Three autosomal recessive disorders are associated with mutations in the RECQL4 gene: Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. BGS is characterized by two major clinical abnormalities: craniosynostosis and preaxial limb anomalies but not cancer development. We performed RECQL4 mutation detection in a patient with BGS and several clinical signs of RTS who developed a midline NK/T-cell lymphoma. Sequencing was used to identify RECQL4 mutations, and RNA analysis was used to examine expression of mRNA in leukocytes. The patient was found to be compound heterozygous for two mutations in exon 15, namely c.[2492_2493delAT] + c.[2506_2518del13bp]. We found that only the allele with 13 bp deletion was expressed in blood leukocytes. Our patient showed severe phenotypic abnormalities, with clinical signs of both BGS and RTS. She developed an extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, which is extremely rare in children of her age and is the first described case of BGS with development of a cancer. This case of a RECQL4-related disorder highlights the significant phenotypic overlap between the classically delineated RECQL4-associated syndromes and questions the need to redefine or combine these clinical entities.
Morihara K, Katoh N, Takenaka H, et al.
Granulomatous mycosis fungoides presenting as poikiloderma.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009; 34(6):718-20 [PubMed] Related Publications
Granulomatous mycosis fungoides presenting as poikiloderma.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009; 34(6):718-20 [PubMed] Related Publications
Granulomatous mycosis fungoides (MF) is a rare subtype of MF, characterized by the histological presence of a granulomatous reaction, but distinct clinical characteristics are not present. A 41-year-old healthy man presented with poikiloderma, ichthyosis and erythematous scaly plaque. Histological examination of a biopsy taken from poikilodermic skin showed a granulomatous reaction to epidermotropic atypical lymphocytes. However, in other areas there were only findings of conventional MF without granuloma. Granulomatous MF may be associated with poikiloderma.
Siitonen HA, Sotkasiira J, Biervliet M, et al.
The mutation spectrum in RECQL4 diseases.
Eur J Hum Genet. 2009; 17(2):151-8 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
The mutation spectrum in RECQL4 diseases.
Eur J Hum Genet. 2009; 17(2):151-8 [PubMed] Free Access to Full Article Related Publications
Mutations in the RECQL4 gene can lead to three clinical phenotypes with overlapping features. All these syndromes, Rothmund-Thomson (RTS), RAPADILINO and Baller-Gerold (BGS), are characterized by growth retardation and radial defects, but RAPADILINO syndrome lacks the main dermal manifestation, poikiloderma that is a hallmark feature in both RTS and BGS. It has been previously shown that RTS patients with RECQL4 mutations are at increased risk of osteosarcoma, but the precise incidence of cancer in RAPADILINO and BGS has not been determined. Here, we report that RAPADILINO patients identified as carriers of the c.1390+2delT mutation (p.Ala420_Ala463del) are at increased risk to develop lymphoma or osteosarcoma (6 out of 15 patients). We also summarize all the published RECQL4 mutations and their associated cancer cases and provide an update of 14 novel RECQL4 mutations with accompanying clinical data.
Related: Osteosarcoma RECQL4
Osteosarcoma RECQL4
Stinco G, Governatori G, Mattighello P, Patrone P
Multiple cutaneous neoplasms in a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome: case report and published work review.
J Dermatol. 2008; 35(3):154-61 [PubMed] Related Publications
Multiple cutaneous neoplasms in a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome: case report and published work review.
J Dermatol. 2008; 35(3):154-61 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by early poikilodermatous skin lesions, often combined with juvenile cataracts, photosensitivity and bone defects. Data in the published work indicate that there is an increased risk of RTS patients developing malignant tumors. Herein, we report the multiple skin carcinomas observed in a case of RTS and review the published work on the occurrence of malignant tumors in these patients. We report the case of a 63-year-old male with RTS who developed multiple cutaneous neoplasms (three basal cell carcinomas, three squamous cell carcinomas and Bowen's disease) over the previous 15 years. A published work review confirmed that RTS is a genetic condition that predisposes subjects to the development of bone tumors, especially at an early age, and skin tumors at an adult age. Therefore, alongside careful osteoarticular monitoring to identify a bone tumor quickly, during the life of a patient suffering from the syndrome, it is just as important to take appropriate preventive action and monitor the possible onset of skin tumors.
Related: Skin Cancer
Skin Cancer
Holman JD, Dyer JA
Genodermatoses with malignant potential.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007; 19(4):446-54 [PubMed] Related Publications
Genodermatoses with malignant potential.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007; 19(4):446-54 [PubMed] Related Publications
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The delineation of syndromes carrying a predisposition to malignancy has led to great insights into the molecular biology of malignancy. Many such syndromes have cutaneous findings which can precede the development of neoplasia. Early recognition of the cutaneous stigmata of the genodermatoses with malignant potential can lead to early diagnosis and initiation of proper screening and treatment when indicated.
RECENT FINDINGS: This article reviews 'classic' genodermatoses with malignant potential and highlights recent recommendations for screening and treatment. Additionally more recently delineated syndromes and their cutaneous findings are discussed.
SUMMARY: Certain inherited syndromes with a risk of neoplasia exhibit characteristic cutaneous findings. Recognition of these findings by the astute practitioner can lead to early intervention which can impact the course of these rare diseases.
RECENT FINDINGS: This article reviews 'classic' genodermatoses with malignant potential and highlights recent recommendations for screening and treatment. Additionally more recently delineated syndromes and their cutaneous findings are discussed.
SUMMARY: Certain inherited syndromes with a risk of neoplasia exhibit characteristic cutaneous findings. Recognition of these findings by the astute practitioner can lead to early intervention which can impact the course of these rare diseases.
Hicks MJ, Roth JR, Kozinetz CA, Wang LL
Clinicopathologic features of osteosarcoma in patients with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25(4):370-5 [PubMed] Related Publications
Clinicopathologic features of osteosarcoma in patients with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25(4):370-5 [PubMed] Related Publications
PURPOSE: Patients with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) and RECQL4 gene mutations have an increased risk of developing osteosarcoma (OS). Because RTS is considered a genomic instability syndrome, patients may experience increased toxicity with chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to summarize the clinical features and response to therapy of OS in patients with RTS. The results of this analysis will help to define treatment guidelines for this complex and rare condition.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: An international cohort of patients with RTS and OS was enrolled in an institutional review board-approved study at Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, TX). Medical records were reviewed, and the following information was extracted: clinical features, treatment, pathologic findings, and clinical outcome.
RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis of OS for the 12 patients was 10 years. The most common primary tumor sites were the long bones (femur, tibia); the most frequent histologic subtype was conventional OS. Histologic response to chemotherapy and outcome were similar to other published large series of sporadic OS. Eight patients are alive and disease free; four died as a result of cancer. Five patients required chemotherapy dose modifications, most commonly due to mucositis from doxorubicin.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that patients with RTS and OS are younger, but that their clinical behavior is similar to patients with sporadic OS. Our report suggests that these patients should initially be treated with conventional doses of chemotherapy as prescribed by current protocols; however, cautious and careful clinical observation is warranted to monitor for enhanced doxorubicin sensitivity in patients with RTS.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: An international cohort of patients with RTS and OS was enrolled in an institutional review board-approved study at Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, TX). Medical records were reviewed, and the following information was extracted: clinical features, treatment, pathologic findings, and clinical outcome.
RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis of OS for the 12 patients was 10 years. The most common primary tumor sites were the long bones (femur, tibia); the most frequent histologic subtype was conventional OS. Histologic response to chemotherapy and outcome were similar to other published large series of sporadic OS. Eight patients are alive and disease free; four died as a result of cancer. Five patients required chemotherapy dose modifications, most commonly due to mucositis from doxorubicin.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that patients with RTS and OS are younger, but that their clinical behavior is similar to patients with sporadic OS. Our report suggests that these patients should initially be treated with conventional doses of chemotherapy as prescribed by current protocols; however, cautious and careful clinical observation is warranted to monitor for enhanced doxorubicin sensitivity in patients with RTS.
Related: Bone Cancers Osteosarcoma
Bone Cancers Osteosarcoma
Kansara M, Thomas DM
Molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.
DNA Cell Biol. 2007; 26(1):1-18 [PubMed] Related Publications
Molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.
DNA Cell Biol. 2007; 26(1):1-18 [PubMed] Related Publications
Osteosarcoma is a devastating but rare disease, whose study has illuminated both the basic biology and clinical management of cancer over the past 30 years. These contributions have included insight into the roles of key cancer genes such as the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene and TP53, the identification of familial cancer syndromes implicating DNA helicases, and dramatic improvements in survival by the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. This review provides a synoptic overview of our current understanding of the molecular causes of osteosarcoma, and suggests future directions for study.
Werner SR, Prahalad AK, Yang J, Hock JM
RECQL4-deficient cells are hypersensitive to oxidative stress/damage: Insights for osteosarcoma prevalence and heterogeneity in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006; 345(1):403-9 [PubMed] Related Publications
RECQL4-deficient cells are hypersensitive to oxidative stress/damage: Insights for osteosarcoma prevalence and heterogeneity in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006; 345(1):403-9 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a heterogeneous disease, associated with increased prevalence of osteosarcoma in very young patients with a mutated RECQL4 gene. In this study, we tested the ability of RECQL4 deficient fibroblasts, derived from a RTS patient to recover from hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative stress/damage. Immunoperoxidase staining for 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) formation in RTS and normal human fibroblasts were compared to assess DNA damage. We determined DNA synthesis, cell growth, cell cycle distribution, and viability in RTS and normal human fibroblasts before and after H(2)O(2) treatment. H(2)O(2) induces 8-oxo-dG formation in both RTS and normal fibroblasts. In normal human fibroblasts, RECQL4 was predominantly localized to cytoplasm; nuclear translocation and foci formation occurred in response to oxidant stimulation. After recovery from oxidant exposure, viable RTS fibroblasts showed irreversible growth arrest compared to normal fibroblasts. DNA synthesis decreased significantly in treated RTS cells, with concomitant reduction of cells in the S-phase. These results suggest that enhanced oxidant sensitivity in RECQL4 deficient fibroblasts derived from RTS patients could be attributed to abnormal DNA metabolism and proliferation failure. The ramifications of these findings on osteosarcoma prevalence and heterogeneity in RTS are discussed.
Related: Osteosarcoma RECQL4
Osteosarcoma RECQL4
Dahele MR, Benton EC, Hennessy A, et al.
A patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and tongue cancer--experience of radiation toxicity.
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2004; 16(5):371-2 [PubMed] Related Publications
A patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and tongue cancer--experience of radiation toxicity.
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2004; 16(5):371-2 [PubMed] Related Publications
We describe a male patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) given postoperative radiotherapy for squamous carcinoma of the tongue. This was well tolerated. This is only the second reported case of oral cancer and radiotherapy in RTS.
Gelaw B, Ali S, Becker J
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, Klippel-Feil syndrome, and osteosarcoma.
Skeletal Radiol. 2004; 33(10):613-5 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, Klippel-Feil syndrome, and osteosarcoma.
Skeletal Radiol. 2004; 33(10):613-5 [PubMed] Related Publications
We report on a 33 year old woman with Rothmund-Thompson syndrome, Klippel-Feil syndrome and osteosarcoma. We briefly discuss the relationship of these diseases and suggest that the cause for mental retardation is cerebral atrophy as shown on imaging.
Related: Bone Cancers Osteosarcoma
Bone Cancers Osteosarcoma
Wang LL, Gannavarapu A, Kozinetz CA, et al.
Association between osteosarcoma and deleterious mutations in the RECQL4 gene in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003; 95(9):669-74 [PubMed] Related Publications
Association between osteosarcoma and deleterious mutations in the RECQL4 gene in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003; 95(9):669-74 [PubMed] Related Publications
BACKGROUND: Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with an increased predisposition to osteosarcoma. Children with RTS typically present with a characteristic skin rash (poikiloderma), small stature, and skeletal dysplasias. Mutations in the RECQL4 gene, which encodes a RecQ DNA helicase, have been reported in a few RTS patients. We examined whether a predisposition to developing osteosarcoma among an international cohort of RTS patients was associated with a distinctive pattern of mutations in the RECQL4 gene.
METHODS: We obtained clinical information about and biologic samples from 33 RTS patients (age range = 1-30 years). Eleven patients were diagnosed with osteosarcoma. All 21 exons and 13 short introns of the RECQL4 gene were sequenced from the genomic DNA of all subjects. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the incidence of osteosarcoma among patients with and without mutations predicted to produce a truncated RECQL4 protein.
RESULTS: Twenty-three RTS patients, including all 11 osteosarcoma patients, carried at least one of 19 truncating mutations in their RECQL4 genes. The incidence of osteosarcoma was 0.00 per year in truncating mutation-negative patients (100 person-years of observation) and 0.05 per year in truncating mutation-positive patients (230 person-years of observation) (P =.037; two-sided log-rank test).
CONCLUSIONS: Mutations predicted to result in the loss of RECQL4 protein function occurred in approximately two-thirds of RTS patients and are associated with risk of osteosarcoma. Molecular diagnosis has the potential to identify those children with RTS who are at high risk of this cancer.
METHODS: We obtained clinical information about and biologic samples from 33 RTS patients (age range = 1-30 years). Eleven patients were diagnosed with osteosarcoma. All 21 exons and 13 short introns of the RECQL4 gene were sequenced from the genomic DNA of all subjects. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the incidence of osteosarcoma among patients with and without mutations predicted to produce a truncated RECQL4 protein.
RESULTS: Twenty-three RTS patients, including all 11 osteosarcoma patients, carried at least one of 19 truncating mutations in their RECQL4 genes. The incidence of osteosarcoma was 0.00 per year in truncating mutation-negative patients (100 person-years of observation) and 0.05 per year in truncating mutation-positive patients (230 person-years of observation) (P =.037; two-sided log-rank test).
CONCLUSIONS: Mutations predicted to result in the loss of RECQL4 protein function occurred in approximately two-thirds of RTS patients and are associated with risk of osteosarcoma. Molecular diagnosis has the potential to identify those children with RTS who are at high risk of this cancer.
Ah-Weng A, Howatson SR, Goodlad JR, et al.
Erythrodermic syringotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Br J Dermatol. 2003; 148(2):349-52 [PubMed] Related Publications
Erythrodermic syringotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Br J Dermatol. 2003; 148(2):349-52 [PubMed] Related Publications
Syringotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare localized variant of CTCL, characterized histologically by eccrine gland and ductal hyperplasia surrounded by a dense syringotropic lymphocytic infiltrate. Previously reported only in men, we describe the first woman with syringotropic CTCL. Unusually, she presented with erythroderma, cutaneous nodules, poikilodermatous patches, widespread alopecia and lymphadenopathy.
Piquero-Casals J, Okubo AY, Nico MM
Rothmund-thomson syndrome in three siblings and development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Pediatr Dermatol. 2002 Jul-Aug; 19(4):312-6 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-thomson syndrome in three siblings and development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Pediatr Dermatol. 2002 Jul-Aug; 19(4):312-6 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis. It is characterized by early onset of progressive poikiloderma and several other cutaneous and extracutaneous findings including alopecia, dystrophic teeth and nails, juvenile cataracts, short stature, hypogonadism, and bone defects. There are several reported cases of skin malignancies in RTS patients, indicating a possibly higher incidence of cutaneous and noncutaneous malignancies. We report three siblings with RTS who developed cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Related: Skin Cancer
Skin Cancer
Furuichi Y
Premature aging and predisposition to cancers caused by mutations in RecQ family helicases.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001; 928:121-31 [PubMed] Related Publications
Premature aging and predisposition to cancers caused by mutations in RecQ family helicases.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001; 928:121-31 [PubMed] Related Publications
DNA helicases, because they unwind duplex DNA, have important roles in cellular DNA events such as replication, recombination, repair, and transcription. Multiple DNA helicase families with seven consensus motifs have been found, and members within each helicase family also share sequence homologies between motifs. The RecQ helicase family includes helicases that have extensive amino acid sequence homologies to the E. coli DNA helicase RecQ, which has been implicated in double-strand break repair and suppression of illegitimate recombination. To date, five RecQ helicase species exist in humans, but their exact biological functions remain unknown. In this paper, on the basis of five years of work, I overview the updated molecular biology of five human RecQ helicases; genetic diseases such as Werner's, Bloom's, and Rothmund-Thomson's syndromes caused by helicase mutations; the associated premature aging phenotype; and an increased risk of neoplasms. I also describe a hypothesis of "tissue-specific genomic instability" that accounts for the pathology behind multisymptomatic RecQ helicase syndromes.
Mohaghegh P, Hickson ID
DNA helicase deficiencies associated with cancer predisposition and premature ageing disorders.
Hum Mol Genet. 2001; 10(7):741-6 [PubMed] Related Publications
DNA helicase deficiencies associated with cancer predisposition and premature ageing disorders.
Hum Mol Genet. 2001; 10(7):741-6 [PubMed] Related Publications
Deficiency in a helicase of the RecQ family is found in at least three human genetic disorders associated with cancer predisposition and/or premature ageing. The RecQ helicases encoded by the BLM, WRN and RECQ4 genes are defective in Bloom's, Werner's and Rothmund-Thomson syndromes, respectively. Cells derived from individuals with these disorders in each case show inherent genomic instability. Recent studies have demonstrated direct interactions between these RecQ helicases and human nuclear proteins required for several aspects of chromosome maintenance, including p53, BRCA1, topoisomerase III, replication protein A and DNA polymerase delta. Here, we review this network of protein interactions, and the clues that they present regarding the potential roles of RecQ family members in DNA repair, replication and/or recombination pathways.
Anbari KK, Ierardi-Curto LA, Silber JS, et al.
Two primary osteosarcomas in a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000; (378):213-23 [PubMed] Related Publications
Two primary osteosarcomas in a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000; (378):213-23 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by poikilodermatous skin changes that develop in infancy. Associated manifestations include juvenile cataracts, sparse hair, short stature, skeletal defects, dystrophic nails and teeth, and hypogonadism. An increased incidence of malignancy, including osteosarcoma, has been reported in patients with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. The molecular basis of the disorder is not known. This report describes a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome in whom two primary osteosarcomas developed 12 years apart. The presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of osteosarcoma in this patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome are described. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of peripheral blood and skin fibroblasts had low level mosaicism for trisomy of chromosomes 2 and 8. Although several patients have been described with mosaic trisomy 8 and i(2q) (mosaic isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 2), the patient described here is the first to have mosaic trisomy for the entire chromosomes 2 and 8. The cytogenetic findings in this patient are consistent with an underlying defect in chromosomal stability.
Marín-Bertolín S, Amorrortu-Velayos J, Aliaga Boniche A
Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
Br J Plast Surg. 1998; 51(8):646-8 [PubMed] Related Publications
Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.
Br J Plast Surg. 1998; 51(8):646-8 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterised by poikilodermatous skin changes that appear in childhood. Patients exhibit variable additional features including juvenile cataracts, skeletal abnormalities and a higher than expected incidence of malignancies. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in a 37-year-old Rothmund-Thomson syndrome patient and review the natural history of this rare disease, given that the patient was diagnosed with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome at the age of 8 years and was first reported in 1975.
Spurney C, Gorlick R, Meyers PA, et al.
Multicentric osteosarcoma, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, and secondary nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1998 Sep-Oct; 20(5):494-7 [PubMed] Related Publications
Multicentric osteosarcoma, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, and secondary nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1998 Sep-Oct; 20(5):494-7 [PubMed] Related Publications
PURPOSE: Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by poikiloderma, photosensitivity, skeletal deformities, and other changes. It is also associated with an increased risk of malignancies, including osteosarcoma. Sixteen previous cases of RTS and osteosarcoma have been reported.
PATIENT: A patient with RTS in whom multicentric osteosarcoma developed is described. After surgery and chemotherapy, a secondary malignant neoplasm (SMN) developed consistent with nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
RESULTS: The patient was treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and is in complete remission.
CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a patient with RTS treated for osteosarcoma in whom a SMN developed. Potential factors involved in this SMN include genetic predisposition and previous chemotherapy.
PATIENT: A patient with RTS in whom multicentric osteosarcoma developed is described. After surgery and chemotherapy, a secondary malignant neoplasm (SMN) developed consistent with nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
RESULTS: The patient was treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and is in complete remission.
CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a patient with RTS treated for osteosarcoma in whom a SMN developed. Potential factors involved in this SMN include genetic predisposition and previous chemotherapy.
Borg MF, Olver IN, Hill MP
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and tolerance of chemoradiotherapy.
Australas Radiol. 1998; 42(3):216-8 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and tolerance of chemoradiotherapy.
Australas Radiol. 1998; 42(3):216-8 [PubMed] Related Publications
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare disorder with a predisposition for cutaneous and non-cutaneous malignancy. It is speculated that ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity and deficient DNA repair may account for this predisposition and influence the tolerance of chemoradiotherapeutic management. A case is reported of the management of an RTS patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who demonstrated increased radiosensitivity and tissue intolerance to chemotherapy.
Related: Methotrexate
Methotrexate
