 Summary Information
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Location: 11p15.5
Overview:
HRAS (sometimes just reffered to as Ras) is an oncogene found on chromosome 11. In normal cells it acts as a switch to signal cell growth when receptors on the cell surface are stimulated by hormones or other agents. If HRAS is "switched on" then it
signals for the cell to grow, if it is "switched off" then the cell does not grow. HRAS is mutated in approximately one third of human cancers causing it to be permanently "switched on". Such a mutation may not in itself be enough to cause a cell to
become cancerous, mutations in other genes may also be required. HRAS is part of the RAS family of oncogenes, which also includes KRAS and NRAS.
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| Gene Database Entries for HRAS
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OMIM
GeneCard (Weizmann Institute)
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Tumor Gene Database
Swiss-Prot
Locus Link
UniGene
GenAtlas
GDB
Nomenclature (search for HRAS)
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| Other Related Resources
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HRAS (National Center for Biotechnology Information) an overview of the HRAS oncogene with links to other gene databases.
Medline Search: HRAS (PubMed)
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- Medline Search: cancer AND gene AND HRAS[TI] (PubMed)
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| Ras and Cancer
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Shields JM, et al. Understanding Ras: 'it ain't over 'til it's over'. [Review] Trends Cell Biol 2000 Apr;10(4):147-54 Related articles (PubMed)
Beaupre DM, Kurzrock R RAS inhibitors in hematologic cancers: biologic considerations and clinical applications. Invest New Drugs 1999;17(2):137-43 Related articles (PubMed)
Medline Search: cancer AND (ras OR hras) (PubMed)
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 Resources by Disease Type
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| HRAS Transformation Signaling Pathway
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Yamamoto T, et al. Ras-induced transformation and signaling pathway. [Review] J Biochem (Tokyo) 1999 Nov;126(5):799-803 Related articles
Medline Search: (Ras[TI] OR ras[TI] OR hras[TI]) AND cancer AND tranformation signalling (PubMed)
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| RAS and Apoptosis
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Downward J Ras signalling and apoptosis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1998 Feb;8(1):49-54 Related articles (PubMed)
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| Ras Inhibitors in Gene Therapy (Experimental)
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Scharovsky OG, et al. Inhibition of ras Oncogene: A Novel Approach to Antineoplastic Therapy. J Biomed Sci 2000 Jul;7(4):292-298 Related articles (PubMed)
Hill BT, et al. Inhibition of RAS-targeted prenylation: protein farnesyl transferase inhibitors revisited. [Review] Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2000 Jan;33(1):7-23 Related articles (PubMed)
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| HRAS Minisatellite Alleles and Cancer Susceptibility
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Krontiris TG, et al. An association between the risk of cancer and mutations in the HRAS1 minisatellite locus. N Engl J Med 1993 Aug 19;329(8):517-23 Related articles (PubMed)
Conway K, et al. Internal sequence variations in the Ha-ras variable number tandem repeat rare and common alleles identified by minisatellite variant repeat polymerase chain reaction. Related articles (PubMed)
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| HRAS Mutations in Bladder Cancer
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Cattan N, et al. Screening of human bladder carcinomas for the presence of Ha-ras codon 12 mutation. Oncol Rep 2000 May-Jun;7(3):497-500 Related articles (PubMed)
Burchill SA, et al. Frequency of H-ras mutations in human bladder cancer detected by direct sequencing. Br J Urol 1994 May;73(5):516-21 Related articles (PubMed)
Medline Search: (Ras[TI] ras[TI] OR hras[TI]) AND bladder[TI] AND cancer (PubMed)
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Bladder Ca. Genetics
Bladder Ca. : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| HRAS Minisatellite Alleles and Breast Cancer Risk
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Gosse-Brun S, et al. Specific H-Ras minisatellite alleles in breast cancer susceptibility. Anticancer Res 1999 Nov-Dec;19(6B):5191-6 Related articles (PubMed)
Firgaira FA, et al. HRAS1 rare minisatellite alleles and breast cancer in Australian women under age forty years. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999 Dec 15;91(24):2107-11 Related articles (PubMed)
Ding S, et al. Distinct mutation patterns of breast cancer-associated alleles of the HRAS1 minisatellite locus. Hum Mol Genet 1999 Mar;8(3):515-21 Related articles (PubMed)
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Breast Cancer Genetics
Breast Cancer : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| HRAS Minisatellite Alleles and Ovarian Cancer Risk
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Weitzel JN, et al. The HRAS1 minisatellite locus and risk of ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2000 Jan 15;60(2):259-61 Related articles (PubMed)
Phelan CM, et al. Ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers is modified by the HRAS1 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) locus. Nat Genet 1996 Mar;12(3):309-11 Related articles (PubMed)
- Related Resources
Ovarian Ca. Genetics
Ovarian Ca. : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| HRAS Minisatellite Alleles and Lung Cancer Risk
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Lindstedt BA, et al. Hras1 VNTR alleles as susceptibility markers for lung cancer: relationship to microsatellite instability in tumors. Lindstedt BA, et al. Related articles (PubMed)
Rosell R, et al. Genetic susceptibility associated with rare HRAS1 variable number of tandem repeats alleles in Spanish non-small cell lung cancer patients. Rosell R, et al. Related articles (PubMed)
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Lung Cancer Genetics
Lung Cancer : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| HRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer
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Thomas RJ, et al. Frequency and clinico-pathological associations of ras mutations in colorectal cancer in the Victorian population. Aust N Z J Surg 1997 May;67(5):233-8 Related articles (PubMed)
- Related Resources
ColoRectal Cancers Genetics
ColoRectal Cancers : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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| HRAS Minisatellite Alleles and Colorectal Cancer Risk
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Gosse-Brun S, et al. Association between H-ras minisatellite and colorectal cancer risk. Anticancer Res 1998 Jul-Aug;18(4A):2611-6 Related articles (PubMed)
- Related Resources
ColoRectal Cancers Genetics
ColoRectal Cancers : Clinical and Epidemiological Information
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